新型环境伦理观对完善我国环境立法的影响

在市场经济条件下,经济利益与生态建设的矛盾已经日益呈现。本文拟通过对新型环境伦理观的介绍,并在分析我国现行环境立法基本状况的基础上,寻求这种伦理观与生态环境立法之间的关系,从而对完善环境立法体系,保护生态环境有所裨益。     

情境犯罪预防的原理与实践

情境预防的理论根基包括三个方面 :理性选择理论、日常活动理论、环境犯罪学理论。情境预防的基本措施包括五个方面 :提高犯罪难度、提高犯罪风险、降低犯罪回报、减少犯罪刺激、排除犯罪借口。借鉴这一理论与实践措施 ,对我国犯罪预防有积极的意义     

邓小平先导性思想浅探

邓小平同志作为我国改革开放和社会主义现代化建设的总设计师,他关于科学技术与教育在社会经济发展中的基础地位和先导作用的思想,具有很强的前瞻性。我们称他的这种思想为“先导性思想”。本文对邓小平同志的先导性思想作了一个初步探讨。     

“童子操刀”:潘光旦关于青少年反社会行为的人文生物学分析

大多数人以为,青少年反社会行为是青少年由于遗传及教育失调等而未能积极适应环境的产物.潘光旦综合生物及文化因素,认为人的行为同时决定于自然天性与后天环境的作用.故而,青少年反社会行为可归结为先天遗传素质不良与后天教养环境失调共同作用的结果.解决青少年反社会行为需从生育优生化、人性教育、社会机会均等化以及建构折中家庭等方面着手.     

The Closeness Problem and the Doctrine of Double Effect: A Way Forward

A major challenge to the Doctrine of Double Effect (DDE) is the concern that an agent’s intention can be identified in such a fine-grained way as to eliminate an intention to harm from a putative example of an intended harm, and yet, the resulting case appears to be a case of impermissibility. This is the so-called “closeness problem.” Many people believe that one can address the closeness problem by adopting Warren Quinn’s version of the DDE, call it DDE*, which distinguishes between harmful direct agency and harmful indirect agency. In this paper, I first argue that Quinn’s DDE* is just as vulnerable to the closeness problem as the DDE is. Second, some might think that what we should therefore do is give up on intentions altogether and move towards some kind of non-state-of-mind, victim-based deontology. I shall argue against this move and explain why intentions are indispensable to an adequate nonconsequentialist theory. Finally, I shall propose a new way of answering the closeness problem.     

Portable high‐resolution automated 3D imaging for footwear and tire impression capture

The forensic science community raised the need for improved evidence recognition, collection, and visualization analytical instrumentation for field and laboratory use. While the 3D optical techniques for imaging static objects have been extensively studied, there is still a major gap between current knowledge and collecting high‐quality footwear and tire impression evidence. Among optical means for 3D imaging, digital fringe projection (DFP) techniques reconstruct 3D shape from phase information, achieving camera‐pixel spatial resolution. This paper presents a high‐resolution 3D imaging technology using DFP techniques dedicated to footwear and tire impression capture. We developed fully automated software algorithms and a graphical user interface (GUI) that allow anyone without training to operate for high‐quality 3D data capture. We performed accuracy evaluations and comparisons comparing with the commercial high‐end 3D scanner and carried out qualitative tests for various impressions comparing with the current practices. Overall, our technology achieves similar levels of accuracy and resolution with a high‐end commercially available 3D scanner, while having the merits of being (1) more affordable; (2) much easier to operate; and (3) more robust. Compared with the current practice of casting, our technology demonstrates its superiority because it (1) is non‐destructive; (2) collects more evidence detail than casts, especially when an impression is fragile; (3) requires less time and money to collect each piece of evidence; and (4) results in a digital file that can easily be shared with other examiners.     

协商民主理论视野下和谐民族关系的构建

独具中国特色的协商民主制度为我国构建和谐民族关系奠定了基础。协商民主能够在实现各民族有序参与自治权利、利益平衡、增强政治认同方面,在促进各民族文化共存、包容差异、处理民族宗教事务方面发挥重要作用。构建和谐的民族关系,应注重发挥政协和基层的协商民主作用,注重发挥网络协商平台的作用。     

公私合作制(PPPs)中的政府角色分析

公私合作制作为政府与私人部门之间建立的一种长期伙伴关系,被越来越广泛地应用于各国基础设施和公用事业。在这样的大背景下,只有事先明确政府(公共部门)的职能和责任定位,超越将公私合作制仅仅作为融资模式定位和类型学分析,才能有效地发挥这一政策工具在我国的作用。     

教师权利义务体系的重构--以教师法律地位为视角

教师权利义务体系是教师法律地位的表现。要保障教师的合法权益,首先需要明确教师在各种法律关系中的法律地位,科学定位教师的法律身份。随着我国教育制度改革及教师人事管理制度改革的深入,教师的法律地位问题显得日益突出和关键,已成为当前我国教育法学研究和法制实践中的一个重要课题。要重构我国的教师权利义务体系,必须采取如下措施:在修正教育现代化的目标、更新教育观念、拓展教师权利内容的基础上,通过完善教师资格制度、严把教师入职关,来优化教师队伍结构、提高教师队伍素质;通过在立法中将义务教育阶段的教师确定为公务员身份并采取职位聘用制,来实现教师职务的稳定性和公共性,切实保障教师的合法权益;通过完善教育立法,建立完备的法律体系,来确认和保障教师的法律地位。     

感受美国

美国作为当今世界唯一的超级大国,在政治、经济、军事、文化等多方面都是"一超独霸",究其强大的原因,除了优越的自然地理条件外,与其广纳世界各国优秀人才密切相关.美国社会的主要特点就是开放、包容、创新,利益至上和追求共赢.只要其顺应历史潮流,始终注意吸纳世界优秀人才,保持人才优势不丧失,就能长久立于不败之地.我们应树立世界性胸怀和全球化眼光,重视人才,依法治国,抱着务实的态度,正确处理同美国的关系,实现共赢.