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Arend Lijphart 《Scandinavian political studies》1998,21(2):99-108
Five examples of the origin, operation, and consequences of consensus democracy and closely related democratic forms (the politics of accommodation, consociational democracy, and power-sharing democracy) illustrate the relative strengths of cultural, structural, functional, and rational-choice explanations. The examples show that each of these explanations plays a crucial role in at least one of the five situations. Hence they suggest that it is unwise to assume that one particular approach predominates to such an extent that it should be the ruling paradigm for political research. 相似文献
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European Journal of Political Research - 相似文献
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Recent research has suggested that, in partisan elections, candidates derive no special advantage from being placed first or as high as possible on the ballot, and that, consequently, measures to neutralize this alphabetic or positional bias are unnecessary. We warn against these conclusions, and analyse one case of particularly clear alphabetic voting: the 1982 and 1986 Senate elections in Spain. The aggregate alphabetic advantage that candidates enjoyed over their party's next lower candidates on the ballot ranged from 1.7 to 3.7 per cent. And, in both elections, more than 10 per cent of the 188 senators elected in four-member districts can be shown to have been elected as a result of their alphabetic advantage. 相似文献
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Lijphart A 《Society》2011,48(1):17-18
The major predecessor to Ringen’s and my own efforts to measure democratic quality in terms of the purpose of democracy is
Robert Dahl’s seminal book Polyarchy (1971). Measuring the quality of democracy requires two prior judgments: (1) making sure that, in terms of institutional
characteristics, a country is sufficiently democratic, and that, as a minimum, it has universal suffrage, and (2) that its
democracy has been uninterrupted for a minimum number of years. To an important extent, higher democratic quality can be attributed
to institutional characteristics of consensus democracy, especially proportional representation. 相似文献
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