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561.
Linda Rozmovits 《Women's history review》2013,22(4):441-464
Abstract Approaching the material from the perspective of cultural history, this essay explores the ways in which England, in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, witnessed considerable debate about the character of Portia from Shakespeare'sThe Merchant of Venice. Feminists seized upon her appearance as a lawyer to argue for Shakespeare's advocacy on behalf of women's emancipation. Anti-feminists stressed the character's acquiescence to male control of her affections and her estate. Thus for many readers and viewers of the play concern about the status of the New Woman, civic maternalism, married women's property rights, and women in the professions, overrode their interest in the play as a text about Christians and Jews. 相似文献
562.
Linda Gon?alves Veiga 《Public Choice》2012,153(1-2):215-233
The paper examines the determinants of the assignment of EU funds to Portuguese municipalities using a large and unexplored dataset covering all (278) mainland municipalities over 15 years. Empirical results reveal that besides normative objectives, political motivations also influence the distribution of funds by the national government across municipalities. Grants to municipalities increase during local election years, and more funds are transferred to municipalities where legislative elections have been closely contested and where the ruling national party had been supported by voters. 相似文献
563.
Linda J. Cook 《Studies in Comparative International Development (SCID)》2010,45(2):170-197
This paper examines changes in labor markets and labor rights for 13 post-communist states of East Central Europe and the
Former Soviet Union. It focuses on the simultaneous pressures to increase the flexibility of labor markets and improve labor
standards in the years since the collapse of communism. Comparative measures and patterns of both de jure and de facto standards
and flexibility are presented, and the roles of key institutional promoters of change are analyzed. I find that a combination
of democratic regime type and European Union accession has pulled East European states toward the strengthening of collective
labor rights. The effect is strongest on the states that joined the EU in 2004, weaker for those joining in 2007, while the
three post-Soviet, non-accession states remain significantly more labor-repressive. Labor market flexibilization has been
a more uniform trend in the post-communist region. In the context of this project’s inter-regional comparisons, contemporary
Eastern Europe has the strongest labor rights. At the same time, the decline of trade unions and limits of collective bargaining
in most post-communist states undermine the effectiveness of transposed EU legislation and bargaining institutions in empowering
labor. As shown by the exceptional case of Slovenia, strong unions are necessary to fully enforce rights. 相似文献
564.
Jane K. Miller Kevin P. Farmer Daniel J. Miller Linda M. Peters 《Negotiation Journal》2010,26(2):177-201
This study of interest‐based bargaining (IBB) examined past usage, current preferences, and future intentions to use this approach in U.S. airline and railroad labor negotiations. Based on a survey of eighty‐four union and management chief negotiators, we found that the personal attributes of the chief negotiator (orientation toward relationships, personal conflict handling style, and competency in IBB approaches) were strong predictors of the past use of IBB. However, personal affinities and styles became irrelevant as experience with IBB accumulated. The negotiator's preferences for IBB in general were strongly correlated to his or her awareness of other carriers' and unions' experiences with IBB, as well as to his or her own direct experience. The negotiator's intention to use IBB in the future was also related to the quality of the contract personally obtained through IBB practices. The study also revealed the unpopularity of IBB among labor negotiators relative to their management counterparts. 相似文献
565.
566.
James P. McHale Debra K. Carter Marthanne Miller Linda Fieldstone 《Family Court Review》2020,58(1):211-226
In a small pilot study, 31 interviewees, including 12 parenting coordinators, 11 mothers, and 8 fathers representing 14 different parenting coordination cases retrospectively described child and family functioning both pre‐ and post‐parenting coordination in phone interviews. They also detailed how often and how well different issues that arose during the parenting coordination work (acrimony, problem‐solving communication, triangulation of the child into the conflict) were actively addressed. Parties tended to view coparenting more positively when reflecting on post‐ compared with pre‐intervention, but reported less change in child adjustment. Discrepancy among same‐case informant reports was common. Parenting coordinators (PCs) consistently rated their interventions as more frequent and successful than did parents. Mothers and fathers largely disagreed on interventions they experienced. While this small N pilot can offer no definitive conclusions, it underscores need for research and wisdom in including both parents' perspectives. 相似文献
567.
Haynes Stacy H. May David C. Lambert Eric G. Keena Linda D. 《American Journal of Criminal Justice》2020,45(1):145-165
American Journal of Criminal Justice - Research on victimization has progressed dramatically over the last four decades. This research has identified important individual and contextual predictors... 相似文献
568.
Linda McDowell 《Nora, Nordic Journal of Women's Studies》2013,21(3):150-165
An argument about the declining significance of class and gender as structural constraints in British society has become common in mainstream sociological theory. Mobility, reflexivity, and detraditionalization are seen as key characteristics of a post‐Fordist, post‐structural society. In feminist theory, however, debates about the reconstitution of class and gender, as well as the symbolic meaning of class, challenge assumptions about detraditionalization. I assess these arguments through an exploration of the consequences of women's changing labour market position and the contradictions between employment and caring responsibilities. I argue that emerging class differences and widening inequalities between women, as well as new class relationships in the home, should be explored further. 相似文献
569.
Kliewer Wendy Washington-Nortey Melissa Salifu Yendork Joana Sosnowski David W. Wright Anna W. McGuire Kristina 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2020,49(1):323-334
Journal of Youth and Adolescence - National trends show that African American adolescents, relative to most other demographic groups, are more religious, and show fewer declines in religiosity,... 相似文献
570.
This paper examines a political struggle in the Australian federal sphere over parliament's right, exercised through the Office of the Auditor-General, to oversee the accounts and management practices of the executive and entities created by legislation to deliver public services. The period from the early 1970s witnessed a dramatic shift in the method of delivering government services to the community and an increasing attention to economy, efficiency and effectiveness in their administration and delivery. The Australian government has increasingly used private sector organisational models and modern management and accounting practices to deliver a wide range of services. The rise of these 'new public management' practices resulted in an erosion of traditional parliamentary oversight of government management and reporting activities. This historical analysis is based upon Porter's (1981) processual analytical framework. The analysis focuses on the action of groups such as the executive, parliamentary committees and the Office of the Auditor-General as evidenced in documents produced in response to critical events. Models developed by Funnell and Cooper (1998) are used to characterise the transition of public sector audit from a traditional administrative model to a corporatist model. 相似文献