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61.
Allgeier L Hemenway J Shirley N LaNier T Coyle HM 《Journal of forensic sciences》2011,56(5):1245-1249
The validity and feasibility of using DNA collection cards in the field for preservation and analysis of Cannabis sativa genotypes were investigated using a highly specific hexanucleotide marker. Collection cards were submitted to the National Marijuana Initiative, which selectively trained and managed the collection of specific types of samples from a variety of participating agencies. Samples collected at seizure sites included fresh marijuana leaf samples, dried "dispensary" samples, U.S. border seizures, and hashish. Using a standardized PCR kit with custom-labeled oligonucleotide primers specific to marijuana, collection cards produced eight genotypes and 13 different alleles, extremely low baselines, and no cross-reactivity with control plant species. Results were produced from all sample types with the exception of hashish. Plant DNA collection cards represent an easily implementable method for the genetic identification and relatedness of C. sativa street and grow site-seized samples with applications for databasing and market disruption. 相似文献
62.
Previous negotiation research has explored the interaction and communication between crisis negotiators and perpetrators.
A crisis negotiator attempts to resolve a critical incident through negotiation with an individual, or group of persons in
crisis. The purpose of this study was to establish the interpersonal style of crisis negotiators and complementarity of the
interpersonal interaction between them and forensic inpatients. Crisis negotiators, clinical workers and students (n = 90) used the Check List of Interpersonal Transactions-Revised (CLOIT-R) to identify interpersonal style, along with eight
vignettes detailing interpersonal styles. Crisis negotiators were most likely to have a friendly interpersonal style compared
to the other non-trained groups. Complementarity theory was not exclusively supported as submissive individuals did not show
optimistic judgments in working with dominant forensic inpatients and vice versa. Exploratory analysis revealed that dominant
crisis negotiators were optimistic in working with forensic inpatients with a dominant interpersonal style. This study provides
insight into the area of interpersonal complementarity of crisis negotiators and forensic inpatients. Whilst further research
is required, a potential new finding was established, with significant ‘similarity’ found when dominant crisis negotiators
are asked to work with dominant forensic inpatients. 相似文献
63.
Kelly Richards 《Critical Criminology》2011,19(2):91-105
During the last quarter-century, restorative justice has emerged as a widely-utilised response to crime in Western nations.
This article, which stems from a Foucauldian genealogy of restorative justice, argues that its embeddedness within the discourse
of “empowerment” renders restorative justice a politically acceptable response to crime. “Empowerment”, it is argued, is one
of many conditions of emergence of restorative justice. The discourse of “empowerment” underpins restorative justice in tangible
ways, and has informed legislation and policy in Western jurisdictions. This article seeks to problematise the taken-for-granted
nature of this discourse. It argues that the discourse of “empowerment” produces restorative justice subjects who are increasingly
governed and governable. As “empowering” restorative practices are targeted towards “disempowered” individuals and communities,
concerns are raised about the potential of restorative justice to disproportionately impact upon socially marginalised populations
and to increase social exclusion. 相似文献
64.
Richard Berk Geoffrey Barnes Lindsay Ahlman Ellen Kurtz 《Journal of Experimental Criminology》2010,6(2):191-208
In this paper, we compare the results from a randomized clinical trial to the results from a regression discontinuity quasi-experiment
when both designs are implemented in the same setting. We find that the results from the two approaches are effectively identical.
We attribute the comparability in part to recent statistical developments that make the model required for the analysis of
data from a regression discontinuity design easier to determine. These developments make an already strong quasi-experimental
design even stronger. 相似文献
65.
Suzanne E. Perumean-Chaney Lindsay M. Sutton 《American Journal of Criminal Justice》2013,38(4):570-588
Although secondary school violence has actually decreased, public concern over student safety is still prevalent. One response to publicized school violence has been the implementation of security measures (metal detectors, cameras) and policies (visitor sign in, locked doors). While these changes may decrease school violence, little research has examined the effect these security measures have on student perceptions of school safety. Utilizing the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (AddHealth), this study found that metal detectors and the number of visible security measures employed in school were associated with a decrease in student reports of feeling safe. Students who were male, White, had higher GPAs, and reported feeling safe in their neighborhood were more likely to report feeling safe at school, while those who experienced prior victimizations, had larger class sizes, and who attended schools that had disorder problems were more likely to report not feeling safe at school. 相似文献
66.
Michael Daffern Ph.D Murray Ferguson James Ogloff Lindsay Thomson Kevin Howells 《心理学、犯罪与法律》2013,19(5):431-441
Abstract Effective treatment of aggressive behaviour and accurate release decision making are necessary components of adequate clinical practice in forensic psychiatric units. Unfortunately, methods to identify treatment targets and ameliorate aggressive behaviour have developed at a slower pace than risk assessment technologies. Recent progress on the identification of offence paralleling or functionally equivalent behaviour offers a framework for individually tailored treatment and idiographic release decision making, although empirical scrutiny of this approach is inadequate. This paper describes an examination of the relationship between aggressive behaviour prior to admission with aggression during inpatient psychiatric treatment, and reconviction for violent offending following discharge. Results showed a relationship between pre- and post-admission aggression but no relationship between aggression during inpatient psychiatric treatment with either pre-admission aggressive behaviour or violent recidivism. These findings indicate the importance of state psychological variables, specifically those states affected by symptoms of psychiatric illness, as well as environmental activators and inhibitors of violence that operate within the hospital. These require inclusion in an adequate functional analysis of aggressive behaviour for forensic psychiatric patients. 相似文献
67.
Lindsay Black 《The Pacific Review》2013,26(4):337-359
Abstract Numerous academic works have critiqued Japan's Official Development Assistance (ODA) programme for being mercantilist and failing to promote democratization and human rights (Orr 1990; Rix 1993; Arase 1995, 2005). Such accounts assess Japan's ODA policy from Western theoretical perspectives that advocate Western approaches, such as military and economic interventions to contain repressive states. While receptive to these criticisms, Japanese policy-makers have perceived their country's international role in ‘bridging’ (kakehashi) terms and structured their ODA accordingly, as this paper details in the case of Japan's ODA policy towards Myanmar. 1 The rationale behind Japan's kakehashi approach lies in the construction of Japan's self-identity as a state able to reenter international society after World War II through focusing on economic development rather than military and coercive action. Proponents of the kakehashi approach construct Japan both as a model of successful democratization through development which other states can learn from, as well as the means through ODA to ‘bridge’ the divide between repressive regimes and liberal democratic capitalism. This critical approach examines Japan's kakehashi or bridging strategy in terms of Japan's response to the anti-government protests in September 2007, Cyclone Nargis in May 2008, and in the build up to parliamentary elections in November 2010 in Myanmar to demonstrate the permanence of this approach in spite of a change of government in Japan. In so doing, the kakehashi approach reveals opportunities to engage with, rather than contain, repressive regimes, thereby raising the possibility of enticing such states back into international society though economic incentives. 相似文献
68.
This article introduces the special section on the making and remaking of agro-industries in Africa. It examines what the contributions tell us about how agro-industries work, but also why national industries work the way they do, how they came to be that way and what factors and forces drive or hinder their dynamism. 相似文献
69.
This paper raises an old question and proposes a new answer. The question is, “Must public goods be produced by governments?” The consensus answer is “Yes,” on the grounds that transaction costs related to group size prevent all potential consumers of a public good from entering into voluntary arrangements to produce efficient levels of that good. Government intervention thus is required to achieve efficiency. Yet many obvious examples of public goods are not financed or even subsidized by government. Conspicuous examples of this phenomenon include the development of important innovations in technique in fields such as music (Bach and Beethoven), literature (Defoe, Dickens and Shakespeare, not excepting Homer or Adam Smith), and the visual arts (Cezanne), not to mention many crucial scientific discoveries. Indeed, the obvious public-good aspects of scientific knowledge induced many private societies to offer prizes for particular innovations. Two questions are raised by the private, voluntary provision of nonrival outputs or inputs: (1) what conditions contribute to this phenomenon, and (2) can voluntary provision come “close” to efficient provision? We suggest in this paper that, under certain conditions, the gains from many public goods whose benefits reach nationwide populations are largely realized at group sizes far smaller than even county or municipal jurisdictions. 相似文献
70.
Alan Richards 《发展研究杂志》2013,49(3):303-321
The paper probes the historical origins of and current responses to the agricultural problems of Egypt. Much of the difficulty stems from the fact that the class structure, the distribution of resources, and the social bases of both Nasser's and Sadat's regime have blocked either the mobilization of the peasantry on the one hand or the provision of decentralized incentives on the other. After a brief assessment of Nasser's land reforms, price policies, and investment strategy, the current responses of changing crop patterns and mechanization are assessed. Such a strategy seems unlikely to succeed, but no other obvious alternative strategy is at hand. 相似文献