A prospective mediational model of sexual aggression among college men

Guided by the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), the authors examined prospective associations of attitudes, norms, and control with sexual aggression (SA) perpetration 1 year later among male college students. Data were collected from 652 males via confidential, self-report surveys at the end of their 1st and 2nd years in college. Results indicated that attitudes conducive to SA and perceived norms supportive of SA were associated with a higher likelihood of engaging in SA 1 year later, and mediated the associations of some established risk factors for SA. The findings identify potentially changeable risk factors for perpetrating SA and can thus contribute to the foundation on which to build theoretical and empirically based prevention programs.     

The development and psychometric assessment of the adolescent sexual coercion risk scale

The objective of this study was to develop a psychometric measure of risk for sexual victimization from adolescent peers. Items were generated on the basis of the literature and on consultations with a multidisciplinary group of key informants. The items were administered to a sample of 327 female Grade-9 students and examined using exploratory factor analysis. The Adolescent Sexual Coercion Risk Scale items formed two lower-order factors composed of items regarding signaling sexual boundaries and displaying risk behaviors, respectively. Subsequent confirmatory factor analysis supported the two factors, and preliminary psychometric analyses demonstrated that the factors have satisfactory internal consistency. In addition, low scores on the ability to signal sexual boundaries and high scores on risk behaviors were associated with self-reported peer sexual victimization, supporting the validity of the factors as measures of risk. Future validation and potential usage of the measure are discussed.     

Wettbewerbsversto? durch irreführende Ankündigung eines Immobilienmaklers

Kündigt ein Immobilienmakler blickfangartig die "Vertragsabwicklung" als Teil der eigenen Leistung bei Immobiliengesch?ften an, so versteht ein Durchschnittsverbraucher darunter auch die Errichtung des grundbuchsf?higen Vertrags. Er wird daher annehmen, dass der Makler auch diese Leistung anbietet, und ihm daher m?glicherweise den Vorzug vor anderen Immobilienmaklern geben, die sich auf die Vermittlung im engeren Sinn beschr?nken. Erbringt die Maklergesellschaft diese und weitere Leistungen (etwa das Verfassen von Grundbuchseingaben und die Treuhandabwicklung von Vertr?gen) nicht selbst, sondern vermittelt sie dafür blo? einen (an ihr beteiligten) Rechtsanwalt, liegt in der nicht weiter eingeschr?nkten Ankündigung der "Vertragsabwicklung" jedenfalls eine irreführende Gesch?ftspraktik iSv § 1 Abs 3 Z 2 iVm § 2 UWG.     

抽象人格权与人格权体系之构建杨立新

当今的人格权法中出现了一般人格权、人格商业利用权以及自我决定权等。这些非具体人格权的产生是对具体人格权的补充性发展,而非体系构建的产物,因而由其与具体人格权共同构成的人格权体系内部产生了矛盾。传统民法注重对外在人格和内在人格的保护,对此通过具体人格权制度予以实现,但对于处于人格核心地位的意志自由则欠缺保护。意志决定自由是人格的本质,决定了人的人格个性和人格发展,民法应当予以保护。抽象人格权就是对于意志自由的保护。它包括自我决定权、一般人格权和人格商业利用权。抽象人格权在人格权体系中的地位是具体人格权的权能,同时具有一定的独立性。由抽象人格权与具体人格权构成完整的人格权体系,对意志自由、内在人格和外在人格提供全面的保护,并且可以解决具体人格权与各种非具体人格权之间的矛盾。     

美国马里兰州涉及电击枪死亡案例分析

目的 研究美国马里兰州涉及电子武器(电击枪)死亡案件的特点,探讨其法医学鉴定要点.方法 收集2004-2009年美国马里兰州法医局鉴定的涉及电击枪死亡案件13例,案件均经详细的现场调查,尸体进行系统解剖,并进行全面的毒(药)物检测及组织病理学检验.从一般情况、电击枪类型及接触方式、毒物检测结果、死亡方式、死亡原因等方面...     

Social Science and the Public Interest

Social Science and the Public Interest

Social Science and the Public Interest May/June 2011     

Personality and Political Discussion

Political discussion matters for a wide array of political phenomena such as attitude formation, electoral choice, other forms of participation, levels of political expertise, and tolerance. Thus far, research on the underpinnings of political discussion has focused on political, social, and contextual forces. We expand upon this existing research by examining how individual personality traits influence patterns of political discussion. Drawing on data from two surveys we investigate how personality traits influence the context in which citizens discuss politics, the nature of the relationship between individuals and their discussion partners, and the influence discussion partners have on respondents’ views. We find a number of personality effects and our results highlight the importance of accounting for individual predispositions in the study of political discussion.     

The Role of Deliberative Decision Making,Parenting, and Friends in Adolescent Risk Behaviors

Adolescents may engage in risk behaviors that jeopardize their futures. Although adolescent risk-taking has long been attributed to faulty decision making, surprisingly little research has directly examined this link. This study examined the role of deliberative decision making (the tendency to consider options and consequences before making a decision) and social contextual variables (parenting and friend influences) in alcohol and drug use, risky sex, and delinquency. Participants were 7,748 adolescents (50% female) in grades 7–11 from the Add Health dataset (M age = 14.87, SD = 1.54). Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that deliberative decision making and contextual variables were associated with risk behavior concurrently and 1 year later. Furthermore, deliberative decision making interacted with social contextual variables in some models, indicating that deliberative decision making may be especially important in certain contexts. These findings suggest that both cognitive and social factors need to be considered to explain adolescents’ decisions to engage in risk behavior.     

Predictors of Positive Development in Emerging Adulthood

This article responds to recent calls for a focus on successful development in young people and examination of its developmental precursors, in order to identify potentially modifiable targets for interventions. The current study examined child and adolescent precursors of positive functioning in emerging adulthood, including individual characteristics, relationship factors, and connections to the community, using a multidimensional positive development measure at 19–20 years. The sample consisted of 511 males and 647 females who were participants in the Australian Temperament Project, a population based longitudinal study that has followed young people’s psychosocial adjustment from infancy to early adulthood. Higher levels of positive development in emerging adulthood were associated with stronger family and peer relationships, better adjustment to the school setting, higher family socioeconomic status, and better emotional control. Some significant gender differences were observed, with emotional control, family relationships, and community orientation all being stronger predictors of males’ than of females’ positive development. The findings provide possible targets for child and adolescent interventions to promote positive development in early adulthood.