Gender Differences in Competition

Negotiating in a highly competitive environment may prove particularly challenging for women. We describe three experimental studies that investigated and documented differences in the competitive behaviors of men and women. The first study examined gender differences in competitive performances. In a setting in which men and women performed at similar levels in single-sex competitions, men were found to outperform women in mixed-sex competitions. The second study focused on the decision of men and women to enter a competition. In a mixed-sex setting in which we found no gender differences in performance, many more men than women chose a compensation scheme in which they had to compete against others. Finally, we report the results of a recent study that examined an institutional intervention that may encourage more women to compete. Specifically, we found that a quota-like affirmative action environment in which women must be equally represented encourages many more women to compete. This response was greater than one would predict based solely on the increase in one's chances of winning and can be partially explained by the fact that the affirmative action competition was more gender specific.     

International Environmental Agreements on Climate Change. Edited by Carlo Carraro,Kluwer Academic Publishers,Dordrecht, 1999.

International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics -     

Une assise au développement des PPP: la confiance institutionnelle,interorganisationnelle et interpersonnelle

Sommaire: Le succès d'un partenariat public‐privé ou PPP repose principalement sur l'efficience de la relation de collaboration entre partenaires qui est elle‐même tributaire de la confiance qu'ils s'accordent mutuellement. L'objectif de cette recherche est de comprendre la dynamique de la formation et de l'évolution de la confiance dans le cadre particulier d'un partenariat impliquant une entreprise privée et un organisme gouvernemental. Trois principaux types de confiance sont d'abord identifiés: la confiance institutionnelle, la confiance interorganisationnelle et la confiance interpersonnelle. L'analyse des événements et des éléments déclencheurs du passage d'un type de confiance à un autre permet de constater que les trois types de confiance se complètent tout au long de la relation de collaboration bien que chacun puisse prédominer à un moment donné. De plus, il ressort de l'analyse de cas que la confiance de type institutionnel demeure la condition nécessaire pour envisager une relation partenariale performante et la maintenir. Abstract: Collaboration between the partners, which itself is linked to the trust they have in one another, is of crucial importance to the success of a public‐private partnership, or PPP. The objective of this research is to understand the dynamics involved in the establishment and evolution of this trust within the specific framework of a partnership involving a private corporation and a government agency. At the outset, three major types of trust are identified: institutional trust, inter‐organizational trust, and interpersonal trust. The analysis of the events and elements that trigger the switching from one type of trust to another makes it clear that the three types complement one another throughout the collaborative relationship, although any one of them can predominate over the others at any given time. Furthermore, the conclusion based on the case analysis is that institutional trust remains the most important condition for ensuring and maintaining a well‐performing partnership.     

COMPARING LOCAL GOVERNANCE: TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS

COMPARING LOCAL GOVERNANCE: TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS
Bas Denters and Lawrence E. Rose (eds)
Palgrave Macmillan, 2005, xiv + 293 pp., £18.99 (pb) ISBN: 0333995562     

Toward a quantitative typology of burglars: a latent profile analysis of career offenders

Burglary is a serious, costly, and prevalent crime but prior typologies of burglars are mostly speculative and based on qualitative data. Using a sample of 456 adult career criminals, the current study used latent profile analysis to construct a methodologically rigorous quantitative typology. Four classes of burglars emerged: young versatile, vagrant, drug-oriented, and sexual predators. All groups demonstrated significant involvement in varied forms of crime, but the sexual predator group was the most violent and had the most serious criminal careers. Connections to the criminal career literature are offered and suggestions for further empirical study of offender typologies are discussed.