中国科技法学会二00五年度大会学术讨论综述

2005年11月16日至18日,中国科学技术法学会2005年度大会暨高校科技法研究会学术研讨会在武汉召开。与会专家和代表就“科技发展与科技法制”、“高技术法制”和“知识产权法制”三大专题,聚焦科技与法律前沿问题、热点问题,从理论与实践两个方面进行深入研究和探讨。中国科技法学会会长、国务院国有资产监督管理委员会监事会主席段瑞春教授出席了会议,并就《创新战·品牌·知识产权》向大会做了学术报告,深刻指出企业要切实树立自主创新的主体意识,培育自主知识产权产业,大力推进自主民族品牌战略,从而提高企业核心竞争力。一、科技发展与科…     

关于在村委会选举中引入诉讼救济机制的法律探讨

村民享有选举村委会成员的法定权利,但村委会选举实践中村民选举权利常常受到各种主体的非法侵害,一个重要原因在于选举诉讼救济机制的缺位。我国现行法律对村民选举权利救济制度的规定极不完善,应尽快将诉讼机制引入到村委会选举中,加强对村民选举权利的法律保护。     

坚持科学发展 促进社会和谐——学习四川省委第九次党代会精神的体会

学习贯彻中共四川省省委第九次党代会提出的"坚持科学发展,构建和谐四川"的会议精神,就要统筹规划,协调发展;要融入群众,主导发展;要做好实事,和谐发展。     

Bringing Wealth to Poetry County

SUIYANG County in north- ern Guizhou is known in the region as an incubator of poets. County records compiled from the early Yuan Dynasty (279-68) until today show that a great many Chinese poets emerged from Suiyang. Since the found- ing of the people…     

加大官员腐败成本的几点思考

腐败成本直接影响到腐败的动机和行为。我国腐败成本较低,深化反腐败斗争必须加大对腐败者的刑事惩罚力度,不断完善公务员管理制度,提高腐败的法律成本、政治成本、经济成本和名誉成本。     

收入风险更替与社会保障的重心转移

社会保障是现代社会分担公民收入风险的保护机制,但是在人类社会发展过程中,由于产业结构的转变导致不同时期的风险侧重点不同,因而社会保障的重心也在发生着历史性和阶段性的转移。这种转移一方面导致了社会保障的制度升级和创新,另一方面也促使社会保障的职能发生改变,从最初的工具性职能、经由权利性职能、最终上升到人力资本建设职能,从而实现了社会保障作为促进人的发展的最高原则。     

A Desultory Defense of Democracy: OAS Resolution 1080 and the Inter-American Democratic Charter

This article evaluates the effectiveness of OAS mechanisms for safeguarding democracy through multilateral diplomacy, what some scholars have dubbed the interamerican defense of democracy regime. Drawing on a range of international relations theories, this study derives competing hypotheses about member states' responses to democratic crises in the Americas. It then analyzes all instances in which a collective response—that is, an application of Resolution 1080 or the Inter-American Democratic Charter—was debated in the OAS between 1991 and 2002. Patterns of state behavior suggest that domestic politics, rather than the structural or systemic traits of the interamerican system, best explain foreign policy responses to crises of democracy in the region. The OAS record in confronting such crises is uneven.     

民国民法中的佃:传统制度的现代法律实践——以新繁县民国司法档案为佐证

中国传统社会中的"佃"在近代法律转型中纳入到西方民法体系之中,但由于中西法律概念的差异和中国特殊的法律背景,中国传统的"佃"在法律上游离于物权和债权之间,从确认为物权制度中的永佃权到逐渐被适用于债权法中的租赁契约。"佃"所涉及的押租和转租由于已成为地方习惯广泛存在且在一定程度上符合当时的经济环境,故虽为法律所禁止,但在司法实践中则被基层法院所默许。     

The judicial role in life-sustaining medical treatment decisions.

Although there has been speculation regarding the pervasiveness and nature of judicial decisions regarding life-sustaining medical treatment (LSMT), no attempt has been made to empirically assess their prevalence or the issues they address. An exploratory study utilizing a mail survey of a nationwide random sample (N = 905) of state trial court judges was conducted to provide initial information regarding this decision-making process. Twenty-two percent of the responding judges had heard at least one LSMT case, and judicial review did not appear endemic to particular states. The number of judges hearing LSMT cases dropped from 1975 to 1981 but has increased since then. Three major issues predominate: patient competency, appointment of a surrogate decisionmaker, and resolution of the ultimate issue of forgoing LSMT. Relatively few cases either contested a prior directive's validity or involved imposing sanctions for instituting or forgoing LSMT. Although subject to different interpretations, the results suggest the courts are having a significant impact on certain aspects of the LSMT decision-making process. However, the infrequency with which any one judge is called upon to make an LSMT decision causes concern about the judiciary's ability to respond in a timely and appropriate manner. With their potential for a profound effect on the actions of health care providers, greater attention to this decision-making process is warranted.