日本EPA战略及"10+6"推进计划

日本全面推进东亚EPA战略.选择该战略是因为日本从EPA缔约中更易获得规则的制定权,因此日本通过"10 6"计划逐层推进其EPA战略.中国则应依照自身节奏有序推进东亚区域合作的进程.     

Has PPS increased Medicare expenditures on physicians?

We use data from 1983 and 1985 on the volume of Medicare physician services to analyze whether Medicare's Prospective Payment System (PPS), which resulted in a significant decline in hospital spending, led to a partially offsetting increase in real expenditures for physician services. We also analyze the effect of increases in assignment rates, increasing incomes of the elderly, and other factors on real expenditures during this period. Our main conclusion is that PPS has at most a small positive effect on real physician expenditures. Because people spent less time in the hospital, Medicare physician spending declined; but because of incentives to shift radiology and other services out of the hospital, some of this decline was offset. We also conclude that the sharp increase in Medicare assignment rates over this period, along with the rising incomes of the elderly during this period, contributed to the observed growth.     

R before D: the case of post conflict reintegration in Tajikistan1

Reintegration was prioritised over demobilisation and disarmament in Tajikistan's peace process. Inadequate disarmament rates were disregarded, but integration of opposition fighters into military and law enforcement units was relatively swift. This created high levels of trust among the former fighters and commanders. The quick provision of incentives, such as comprehensive amnesties and the offer of government positions and economic assets created stakes in the peace process for a number of actors. Transitional justice was largely overlooked. In this way, the case of Tajikistan runs counter to key elements of what has been termed the ‘post-conflict reconstruction orthodoxy’. At the same time, Tajikistan is a rare example of the emergence of post-war stability. This article provides a detailed account of the DDR process and outlines the incentives that it created for the warring parties. It also assesses the emergence of spoilers and the government's counter strategies. The article concludes by highlighting the consolidation of President Rakhmonov's power since 2001, but also raises some questions regarding the viability of Tajikistan's long-term political and economic development.     

中国经济奇迹的福祸论——对两篇关于中国对非洲影响方面文章的评介

近年来,随着“中国经济奇迹”越来越多地受到世界关注,关于中国对世界影响的文章也纷纷出炉,所谓的“中国威胁论”就是各种论说中具有代表性的一种。此外,针对中国经济发展模式,又先后出现了“北京共识(Bei-jing Consensus)”、“北京经验”和中国模式(China’s Mode)等等说法。本文简要归纳和介绍两篇从经济学角度评述中国经济奇迹影响的文章,并对其中若干观点进行必要的评价,旨在使中国读者从中窥见西方学者关注中国发展的不同角度,从而澄清有关事实,并加深中外人士之间的沟通和理解。一詹金斯(Rhys Jenkins)是英国东安格里亚大学(UEA…     

邓小平民主党派监督思想探析

民主党派的监督是民主党派作为参政党的根本职能,是我国监督体系的有机组成部分.邓小平关于发挥民主党派监督作用有诸多论述,言辞恳切,用心良苦,是邓小平依法治国思想中民主监督思想之奇葩.深入学习领会邓小平关于加强民主党派监督思想,对充分发挥民主党派监督作用,对贯彻落实科学发展观,对推进政治文明建设,对提高党的执政能力和执政水平具有重要意义.     

税收执法不严的法律经济分析

税收流失问题是我国乃至世界上许多国家都存在的现象,税收执法不严是其成因之一。从法律经济学的角度对税收执法不严进行相应的分析可以进行更有效地防范。征税主体主观执法不严与其客观执法不严都有不同的成因,对此所采取的对策也应区别对待。     

证人拒绝作证之对策研究

证人拒绝作证是困惑司法实践特别是刑事侦查的突出问题,这与依法治国的基本方略和建设和谐社会的要求格格不入,必须予以彻底改变.然而,证人拒绝作证的原因是多方面的,因此应从安全保护、经济补偿、法律制裁、改进方法以及强化观念等方面着手,使证人及时作证,从而尽快结束诉讼.     

Acidic and neutral drugs screen in blood with quantitation using microbore high-performance liquid chromatography–diode array detection and capillary gas chromatography–flame ionization detection

Blood previously acidified with aqueous saturated ammonium chloride solution was extracted with ethyl acetate. The dried extract was subjected to acetonitrile–hexane partition. The acetonitrile portion was analysed for the presence of acidic and neutral drugs by HPLC–DAD (200 mm×2.1 mm I.D. microbore ODS-Hypersil column) and GC–FID (25 m narrow-bore×0.25 mm I.D. HP-5 column with 0.33 μm film thickness). The protocol was found to be suitable for both clinical toxicology (including emergency toxicology) and postmortem toxicology. At least 66 drugs of interest were unequivocally identified by RRTs (HPLC) and UV spectra (DAD) match while another 12 were unequivocally identified by double RRTs match (HPLC and GC). Quantitation was facilitated by incorporating calibration blood standards in each assay batch. The five drugs most commonly encountered in clinical blood specimens (1150 cases) were: paracetamol (47.4% of the cases); chlormezanone (6.6%), theophylline (1.74%), naproxen (1.65%) and mefenamic acid (1.56%). The following drugs were detected in toxicologically significant quantities in postmortem blood specimens (245 cases): phenobarbitone (1.22% of the cases), naproxen (0.82%), chlormezanone (0.82%), theophylline (0.82%), carbamazepine (0.41%) and paracetamol (0.41%).     

深刻理解工会组织的维护职能

修改后的《工会法》突出了工会组织的维护职能 ,这是工会性质决定的 ,是现实社会的客观需要 ,是“三个代表”的内在要求