Public school adjustment of delinquent boys after release from a juvenile corrective institution

This paper concerning the public school adjustment of delinquent boys after release from a juvenile corrective institution is based on research data obtained as part of a followup study. Seventy-two percent of the 94 teenage boys in our sample returned to school in the community, but over three-fourths of them dropped out. Although we examined several factors associated with the boys' post-release school adjustment, we focused our inquiry on the small group of 14 boys who completed high school. A few personal and social factors were related to public school outcome, i.e., whether the boys graduated or not. However, we also found that all the boys who finished high schol had received some suppoprt from a structured environment or from interested people in contrast to a majority of the boys who dropped out. None of the boys who graduated was involved in antisocial behavior while in school and only two, or 14%, had gotten into serious legal trouble during the 3-year followup period in comparison to 40% of the boys who dropped out and 50% of those who never attended school after release.Received Ph.D. from University of Houston in 1956. Currently Clinical Psychology Fellow at The Menninger Foundation. Major interest is in child and adolescent psychology.Graduate work, sociology, University of Kansas. Major interest is in juvenile delinquency.     

非法证据排除规则诉讼价值的冲突与抉择

非法证据排除规则应确立一个多元化的程序价值体系 ,在具备程序性价值和工具性价值的同时 ,还应尽可能地保证司法资源的合理配置。在不同诉讼价值之间发生冲突时 ,应不将实体真实作为刑事诉讼的唯一目标 ,也不再将“有罪必罚”作为刑事诉讼的最高目标 ,但同时应注意将排除规则对程序公正的追求和对当事人的权利的保护保持在一定限度之内。     

Public pension reform in Japan

The March 2000 pension reform in Japan focused on the long-term financial sustainability of the country's two-tiered public pension system. The government opted for incremental changes in order to maintain pension solvency through 2060. Those changes could reduce future pension funding liability by an estimated one-third. Further, the decision to avoid structural reforms of its pension programs was based on fiscal considerations. Expanding general revenue funding for the first tier from the current share of one-third to cover the entire cost would require increases in the consumption tax that proved to be politically unacceptable. Fully privatizing the second, earnings-related tier would entail transition costs too great to bear at a time of rising budget deficits. In addition, the Japanese public generally supported the sharing of financial burden for public pension programs through a combination of benefit cuts, a raise in the pensionable age, and contribution rate increases. If current cost projections prove to be inaccurate, future pension reviews (scheduled every 5 years) will give the government further opportunity to fine-tune program changes.     

The Baha’i minority in the State of Israel, 1948–1957

This article examines the virtually unexplored topic of the Baha'i religious minority in Israel's early statehood period based mainly on primary source documentation. It will be argued that while the number of Persian Baha'is in Israel after 1948 was minuscule — even smaller than the similarly minuscule Circassian and Armenian populations — the non-Arab and non-Muslim identity of the Baha'is, the lack of any historical antagonism between the Baha'is and the Jews, a shared history of marginalization in the modern Middle East, the Baha'is' principled commitment to non-violence as a basic tenet of their religious faith, their complete neutrality leading up to and including the 1948 War, (and their support for Jewish statehood after it), their lack of proselytizing in the state of Israel, and the fact that nearly all of their high-ranking administrators in post-independence Israel hailed from the United States — whose support Israel sought — led the state to cultivate this minority to a degree few other minorities experienced in post 1948 Israel.

A study of the flight and return of most (excommunicated) Baha'i adherents during and after the 1948 War, respectively, will form part of a separate, forthcoming article.     

徜徉在斯里兰卡的宝石城

曾有幸到过斯里兰卡的宝石城--拉特纳普拉进行观光游览,能亲眼目睹众多稀有宝石,也算是我人生的一大快事.     

服务型政府与我国政府管理的新范式

服务型政府是在传统的道德选择基础上,对管制型行政体制的重大改革,是一种新的政府职能体系和管理模式。亚洲金融危机的实质是两种政府模式的较量。我们应借鉴西方国家政府管理改革的经验,加快我国服务型政府改革的步伐。