应用数字图像识别系统研究正畸治疗前后腭皱形态变化

目的利用腭皱数字图像识别系统对正畸治疗前后腭皱形态匹配正确率的分析研究,为法医学中同一认定提供理论依据。方法利用正畸患者治疗前后腭皱形态数字图像,通过腭皱数字图像识别系统对图像的特征进行提取并收录到腭皱数字库,运用Matlab软件完成对腭皱形态数字图像的信息匹配处理。结果正畸治疗前后,个体性检测匹配正确率各自都达到100%。正畸治疗前后腭皱形态匹配正确率为95.67%,配对检验结果 P0.05,具有统计学意义。结论腭皱形态具有高度的个体特异性,正畸治疗后腭皱形态会发生多种变化,但对同一认定的影响不大。腭皱形态识别为法医学同一认定提供一种新的方法和途径。     

生产、销售有毒有害食品罪的刑法规制及其司法防范

食品安全是关系国计民生的重要问题,民以食为先,食以安为本。但是,我国现阶段食品安全的现状却不容乐观。毒奶粉、毒馒头、毒豆芽、苏丹红、皮革奶、瘦肉精等等,无不令人谈食色变。因此,如何规制食品安全,净化食品生产和销售的环境,将是国家和政府亟待解决的重要问题。本文以刑法修正案八的相关规定为切入点,探讨了生产、销售有毒有害食品罪的刑法规制和司法防范问题。     

Empirical Study on Minimum Wage Level in China: the ELES approach

In this paper, an attempt is made to determine the minimum living requirements (or poverty lines) of workers in China by adopting the Extended Linear Expenditure System. Comparison between the actual minimum wage levels implemented by the Chinese government and the estimated minimum living requirements in this paper reveal that, in early 2010, workers in 23 out of 35 sample cities were paid minimum wages below the estimated lowest poverty line. This group of workers is unable to afford minimum payments to meet basic living conditions for survival as their minimum wages were below the estimated survival line. To protect workers, the Chinese government is advised to address employee provisions for basic living needs.     

美国行政证据的可采性——兼论我国相关规则的建构

美国行政证据的可采性标准具有多元性,其具体规则主次分明、相互关联,呈现出花开多枝、多姿多态的总体表征.我国行政证据可采性规则的独立建构应放弃建立单一标准的思路,而应当多层次立法,尝试具体规定以相对人主观因素为证明对象的证据排除规则、传闻证据排除规则、案卷排他性原则和品格证据排除规则在一定范围内的适用,以确立灵活多元的可...     

心理战术在群体性事件处置中的应用

群体性事件是一种严重影响社会和谐安定,对社会秩序极具破坏力的社会形态,公安机关作为处置群体性事件的中坚力量,充分研究群体性事件中聚集人群的群体心理及其发展规律,依据心理学原理依法、合理地采用心理战术、心理策略对群体心理予以引导,是有效处置各类群体性事件的前提和基础。     

Study of Color Laser Printer and Photocopier Class Using a Pattern Location Measurement Method

A trace code pattern location measurement approach is proposed. It includes a method that can precisely extract the trace code pattern to identify the color laser printer or photocopier class. In this study, we collected 379 samples from 15 brands, including 129 models and 196 printers or photocopiers. The trace code pattern class is identified. Four class characteristics are used to identify the print source: (i) the relation between the pattern and print output direction; (ii) observation of the shape features from among the trace code pattern units; (iii) the feature arrangement from among the trace code pattern units; and (iv) the arrangement relation of the trace code pattern. Blind testing shows that the accuracy of the proposed method is approximately 96.9% for the Questioned Document Examiners, and 84.3% in the non‐Questioned Document Examiners. It is thus an effective technique for determining a print's color laser printer or photocopier source class.     

Estimating Sex Using Metric Analysis of the Scapula by Postmortem Computed Tomography

Postmortem computed tomography (CT) has been extensively used in the last decade for identification purposes and in various anthropologic studies. Postmortem CT measurements of scapulae, analyzed using logistic discriminant function developed in this study, showed 94.5% accuracy in estimating sex. Data analyzed using the Dabbs and Moore‐Jansen (2010) discriminant function and the discriminant function generated in this study provided nearly identical results with disagreement in only one case. Height and weight were not statically significant in sex prediction. The results of this study show that data obtained from volume rendered postmortem CT images can be considered reliable and treated as a practical option to standard anthropological methods, especially in mass fatalities as a rapid triage tool for sex determination.     

Expanding the focus of correctional evaluations beyond recidivism: the impact of halfway houses on public safety

Objective

This article reports the findings of a quasi-experimental evaluation of the impact of residential halfway houses (HHs) on public safety in the immediate vicinity of the facilities.

Methods

Instead of focusing on recidivism reduction or cost effectiveness, as is common, outcome measures for this study are limited to the impact on community crime rates, here defined as offenses committed within 1/8 and 1/4 mi radii around a subject facility. A set of fixed effect Poisson regression models were employed to assess the changes in monthly crime counts associated with the opening or closing of an HH (N =?19). A second difference-in-differences analysis (DiD) compares HHs that ceased operation to HHs that remained consistently open for the duration of the study period. A series of robustness checks were conducted.

Results

We find the presence of an active HH is associated with an increase in crime within the immediate vicinity. We identify significant increases in monthly counts of overall crimes reported to law enforcement, as well as in counts for specific crimes of violence, including assaults and robberies with a firearm; property offenses, such as burglary; and in minor and misdemeanor offenses. A closing of an HH is associated with a decrease in reported crimes.

Conclusions

The location of a community-based correctional facility can have a significant and negative impact on public health, largely through decreased levels of local public safety. Evaluations of residential correctional programs should include indicators of community-level impact in addition to individual-level measures of recidivism, particularly when such programs are clustered in at-risk or vulnerable communities.

     

The Extraction and Recovery Efficiency of Pure DNA for Different Types of Swabs

The extraction and recovery efficiency of swabs used to collect evidence at crime scenes is relatively low (typically <50%) for bacterial spores and body fluids. Cell‐free deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is an interesting alternative compared to whole cells as a source for forensic analysis, but extraction and recovery from swabs has not been tested before using pure DNA. In this study cotton, foam, nylon flocked, polyester and rayon swabs are investigated in order to collect pure DNA isolated from saliva samples. The morphology and absorption capacity of swabs is studied. Extraction and recovery efficiencies are determined and compared to the maximum theoretical efficiency. The results indicate that a substantial part of DNA is not extracted from the swab and some types of swab seem to bind effectively with DNA. The efficiency of the different types of swab never exceeds 50%. The nylon flocked 4N6FLOQSwab used for buccal sampling performs the best.     

Neighborhood Advantage,Relative Status,and Violence Among Foreign-Born Adolescents

Immigrant families and contexts are protective for delinquency, even though recent immigrants are more likely to be poor and reside in disadvantaged settings. Yet it is unclear whether the protective effects of immigrant status depend on the match between family SES and neighborhood advantage. This study examines the interplay among immigrant status, family SES, and neighborhood advantage in predicting adolescent violence. Using multilevel longitudinal data from the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods (N = 1,908), findings show that first-generation adolescents from low-SES families have the highest odds of violence in the most advantaged contexts, exceeding that of even third-generation adolescents. In contrast, high-SES first-generation adolescents have the highest probability of violence in less advantaged contexts, but the lowest in the most advantaged neighborhoods. The results identify conditions under which the protective nature of immigrant status is eroded, and highlight the importance of relative status for understanding violence among foreign-born adolescents.