INTERGOVERNMENTAL IMPLEMENTATION OF BUILDING CODES WITH LATERAL FORCE PROVISIONS

Building-code revisions and land-use planning are recognized as potential solutions to the threat posed by hazardous structures in seismically active regions. Their implementation, however, is problematic and several Impediments to action on building codes are analyzed. The authors recommend a system of incentives to overcome these barriers including federally subsidized insurance, low interest loans, and joint state-local policy ventures with technical assistance provided by federal agencies.     

Order authorizing termination of certain life support systems

An elderly, severely brain-damaged patient was being ventilated and given nutrition and antibiotics intravenously in a medical center's critical care unit. Her legal guardian requested authorization to order that the respirator be withdrawn and the administration of nutrition and antibiotics be stopped. A Missouri circuit court ruled that, while public policy, as evidenced in the state's living will statute, permitted withdrawing the respirator, it apparently precluded withholding or withdrawing nutrition, hydration, or antibiotics.     

La réforme des professions au Québec

Sommaire. Le 6 juillet 1973, l'Assemblée nationale du Québec adoptait le projet de loi 250, ou Code des professions, et les vingt et une lois particuliéres qui allaient régir les trente-huit corporations professionnelles du Québec. La mise en vigueur récente de chacune de ces lois constitue me étape importante de la ré forme que connaissent actuellement les professions au Québec. Le présent texte traite de cette transformation d'ensemble. La premiére partie trace les points saillants de la nouvelle législation, qui concernent principalement la définition du statut des corporations professionnelles, les critères de constitution de nouvelles corporations, la nécessité d'une adaptation constante des champs de pratique professionnelle aux besoins de l'heure et du milieu, la conciliation du mode de gestion des corporations et de leurs fonctions sociales, la jonction de la formation académique et de la formation pratique des professionnels, la distinction des notions de discipline et d'inspection professionnelle, et l'admission des étrangers et des canadiens aux corporations professionnelles. La deuxième partie préise le rôle des organismes et des personnes qui sont chargés de la mise en application de la nouvelle législation professionnelle:corporations professionnelles, Conseil interprofessionnel du Québec, Office des professions du Québec, lieutenant-gouvemeur en conseil, et ministre responsable; cette partie indique également les principales fonctions — administratives, réglementaires, ou quasijudiciaires — de chacun de ces organismes ou personnes. Abstract. On 6 July 1973, bill 250, the Code of Professions, and twenty-one specific laws governing the thirty-eight Quebec professional corporations were adopted by the Quebec National Assembly. The recent imlementation of each of these laws represents an important step in the reform oP the Quebec professions. This study considers this transformation as a whole. The ht part identifies the main points of the new legislation and, more specifically, the definition of the status of professional corporations, the criteria for setting up new corporations, the necessity constantly to adapt the field of professional practice to the needs of the times and of the environment, the matching of corporation management practices with their social functions, the merging of academic education with practical training of professionals, the distinction between discipline and professional supervision, and the admission of foreigners and Canadians into professional corations. The second part studies the role of agencies and individuals responsiTle for the implementation of the new professional legislation: professional corporations, the Quebec Interprofessional Council, the Quebec Professions Board, the lieutenant governor in council, and also the main functions — administrative, regulatory, or quasi-judicial of each of these agencies or individuals.     

Free Will,Punishment, and the Burden of Proof

Justifying state punishment presents a difficulty for those who deny that human actions are free in the sense required by moral responsibility. The argument I make in this article, following work done by Double, Vilhauer, and Sehon, is that those who believe that human beings do sometimes act freely face exactly the same difficulty, for no current account of freedom has the sort of evidentiary support that condemning a person to punishment requires; no current account could meet even the most minimal burden of proof. Recourse to purely preventive methods, such as are proposed for a system of quarantine of dangerous individuals, seems undesirable because of the absence of limits under such a system, limits like the requirements of proportionality and guilt. That same objection holds as well against proposals of non-retributive punishment. The adoption of a system of punishment, understood retributively or non-retributively, does not preclude the state even in theory from also adopting a system of preventive measures. The answer that I suggest is a system of limited deprivations of freedom justified in much the way the doctrine of takings is justified, along with the specific exclusion of purely preventive methods for competent individuals.     

Cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Movers Scale in a French-Canadian Population

The purpose of this paper is to present the results of a study that draws upon a collaborative research strategy and has two main objectives: 1) Translating and adapting into French the Measure of Victim Empowerment Related to Safety (MOVERS scale) (Goodman et al. Psychology of Violence, 5(4), 355-366, 2015a); 2) Validating the French version of the MOVERS scale in a population of French-Canadian women receiving shelter services. The French-Canadian MOVERS (FCM) was administered to 189 women receiving shelter services in the province of Québec (Canada). The factorial structure, reliability and validity of the FCM were tested. This paper highlights that the FCM replicates the three dimensions found in the original version (Goodman et al. Psychology of Violence, 5(4), 355-366, 2015a), displays significant correlations with measures of depression, anxiety and stress, self-esteem, perceived social support, satisfaction with life and self-efficacy, and has overall good reliability estimates. The FCM is a valid and reliable scale to assess safety-related empowerment among women receiving shelter services. Furthermore, the scale provides interesting opportunities to shelter workers, which will be discussed in the paper.