从司法考试谈法学教育模式与教学方法的转变

我国现有的法学教育模式与教育方法存在诸多弊端,国家统一司法考试注重对法律操作能力的考察,为消除这种弊端提供了契机。法学教育应区分通识教育与职业教育,本科阶段适当兼顾司法考试,硕士阶段尝试联合培养,用走出去的方法引导教师积累实践经验。     

马克思哲学所要解决的问题与在场方式

马克思哲学所要解决的问题,是如何将人们从关于自己是何物或应当成为何物的虚假观念统治下解放出来。马克思哲学的问题形成于马克思哲学探索的基本立场。马克思哲学以其特有方式提出并解决了传统哲学不重视也不能解决的哲学问题,也就不再是传统意义上的哲学,不再以传统哲学的在场方式而在场。马克思哲学的在场方式是作为生活准绳与指导人们生命活动的精神原则而存在于人们的现实生活之中,并非仅仅作为哲学知识而存在于文明之中。反思国内马克思主义哲学研究目前的困境,涉及马克思哲学的在场方式、＂问题意识＂与哲学研究的基本立场等三个主要问题。     

产业集群与区域经济发展探析

产业集群是产业组织的新发展和地区经济的新现象,作为一种新的产业空间组织形式,具有很强的竟争优势,其健康发展能够显著地提升区域经济的竞争力,而恰当的政策选择则是促进产业集群形成和健康发展的重要因素。     

B2C交易中的消费者权益保护问题

网络购物的飞速发展不但没有扭转传统购物中消费者的弱势地位,而且它使经营者和消费者之间的地位更加悬殊,致使网络交易中侵犯消费者权益的行为屡屡发生。消费者权益在互联网环境下如何进行保护,是人们面临的一个新课题,本文主要分析了网络环境下消费者权益保护面临的问题并提出解决对策。     

“从身份到契约”公式引发的法律思考

<正> 一、问题的提出 1992年,党的十四大正式提出在我国建立社会主义市场经济体制的战略任务以后,我国法学界见仁见智,针对社会主义计划经济向社会主义市场经济转型中一系列新的法学问题,展开热烈的讨论。 在此过程中,英国著名的历史法学家梅茵(Sir Henry Maine,1822——1888)一百多年前提出的“进步社会的运动,迄今为止,是一个从身份到契约的运动”的公式,重新唤起不少学者们的兴趣,并在各自的论著里加以援用和发挥。与这一公式相关的观点,举其要者如:有的同志认为,我国的计划经济(产品经济)到市场经济(商品经济)的转型,就是从身份关系到契约关     

知识产权许可限制反竞争审查的一般分析框架

在知识产权领域反垄断问题备受关注而法律规制制度尚处在探索之中的背景下,知识产权许可限制的反竞争审查,是目前世界各国知识产权垄断认定中面临的共同难题。我国2008年生效的《反垄断法》虽然规定知识产权许可中的排除、限制竞争行为"应受"该法规制,但同样未能提供"如何"规制的具体制度规则。以已有反垄断法的制度规则为基础,结合知识产权许可中的特殊问题,构建知识产权许可限制反竞争审查的一般分析框架,是有效解决实践中知识产权许可限制的案件纠纷,并及时推动知识产权许可限制反竞争审查走向合理与科学的重要途径。该框架由相互联系的三个方面组成:一是确立知识产权许可限制反竞争审查的"竞争损害"标准;二是界定知识产权许可限制涉及的产品市场、技术市场和创新市场;三是选择基于"区别对待"的分析工具和基于"利弊权衡"的四步检验法。     

Identification of Carbonates as Additives in Pressure‐Sensitive Adhesive Tape Substrate with Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Its Application in Three Explosive Cases

Abstract: Pressure‐sensitive tape is often used to bind explosive devices. It can become important trace evidence in many cases. Three types of calcium carbonate (heavy, light, and active CaCO₃), which were widely used as additives in pressure‐sensitive tape substrate, were analyzed with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) in this study. A Spectrum GX 2000 system with a diamond anvil cell and a deuterated triglycine sulfate detector was employed for IR observation. Background was subtracted for every measurement, and triplicate tests were performed. Differences in positions of main peaks and the corresponding functional groups were investigated. Heavy CaCO₃ could be identified from the two absorptions near 873 and 855/cm, while light CaCO₃ only has one peak near 873/cm because of the low content of aragonite. Active CaCO₃ could be identified from the absorptions in the 2800–2900/cm region because of the existence of organic compounds. Tiny but indicative changes in the 878–853/cm region were found in the spectra of CaCO₃ with different content of aragonite and calcite. CaCO₃ in pressure‐sensitive tape, which cannot be differentiated by scanning electron microscope/energy dispersive X‐ray spectrometer and thermal analysis, can be easily identified using FTIR. The findings were successfully applied to three specific explosive cases and would be helpful in finding the possible source of explosive devices in future cases.     

略论民进党的“台独党纲”及其“绞索效应”

"台湾问题"涉及中国的核心利益,而"台独"是这一核心利益的最大威胁和障碍,特别是目前民进党陈水扁所极力推动的"法理台独"活动已实质上危及到中国这一核心利益,而认清民进党"台独党纲"的历史由来,以及民进党的"台独"理念、方针政策和"台独施政"的发展脉络对我们更好地遏制,甚至坚决、无情地打击"台独"分裂势力和活动,从根本上维护两岸中国同胞的切身利益是有极大的帮助的.     

胶东半岛地区成年男性颅骨、肩胛骨、髋骨与身高的关系

目的研究胶东半岛地区成年男性的颅骨、肩胛骨、髋骨与身高的关系,评价其在法医学应用中的价值。方法收集近年在胶东半岛地区的95具成年男性完整骸骨,测量个样本颅围、肩胛骨、髋骨相关测量指标。对测量所得数据进行统计学回归分析,并进行显著性检验。结果所有指标的相关系数在0.297-0.626之间;相关系数为0.297时,P〈0.01,其余均为P〈0.001;对各指标数值分别进行回归分析,得出7个回归方程;其中颅围的标准误差最大（4.62）,髋骨误差最小（3.97-4.02）;髋骨和肩胛骨的左侧分别比其相应右侧和左右侧平均值标准误差更小,尤以髋骨左侧的标准估计误差为甚（3.97）。回归系数的t值在3.479-6.547之间,t值为3.479时,P〈0.01,其余均为P〈0.001。结论本文建立头颅或肩胛骨或髋骨相关测量指标回归方程具有一定的实用价值,可在实际办案中选用。     

The selection of endogenous genes in human postmortem tissues

Precisely determining the postmortem interval (PMI), which is crucial to criminal and forensic cases, is a research in which quantitative RT-PCR (also known as qRT-PCR or real-time RT-PCR) has been used to analyse gene expression levels and data normalisation should be required to eliminate the differences among the samples. Therefore, it is quite necessary to find stable molecular biological markers in PMI determination research. In this study, we compared nine commonly used endogenous markers (containing ACTB, GAPDH, B2M, U6, 18S rRNA, hsa-mir-1, hsa-mir-9, hsa-mir-194-1 and hsa-mir-203) in the 109 human tissue samples obtained from autopsy at the aim of finding stable markers in human tissues with consideration of the impact of parameters (PMI and cause of death). After RNA was extracted from four tissues (heart, brain, kidney, skin), the Ct values of nine endogenous markers were obtained by qRT-PCR and assessed by geNorm software. The results showed that U6, GAPDH and 18S rRNA were the suitable markers in our set of samples in various corpse conditions, that B2M and ACTB were reliable internal controls in heart tissue only, and that microRNAs had such high M values that they should not be chosen for endogenous control genes.