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41.
Different policies aimed at protecting intellectual property are not equally efficient. This paper provides support in favour
of those policies affecting the unit value of damage produced by infringers, contrarily to those policies aimed at reducing
the frequency of infringements. The finding has practical spillovers both in terms of policy and in terms of further research. 相似文献
42.
We performed an experimental investigation to assess whether the “restricted auction” mechanism proposed by Berkovitch, Israel
and Zender in 1997 works effectively as an optimal bankruptcy law or not. An optimal bankruptcy law is a commitment device
that implements efficient choices both before (ex ante) and after (ex post) financial distress, even if moral hazard is binding.
We designed an experiment focused on ex ante efficiency and we found that the restricted auction mechanism was able to direct
an optimal amount of effort toward entrepreneurial activities. This result confirms the theoretical predictions. Nonetheless,
we found that under a plain unrestricted auction mechanism our experimental subjects chose to allocate into their firms a
larger amount of effort than that predicted by theory. Although difficult to justify on theoretical grounds, this experimental
evidence is robust. Our behavioral interpretation is that this result is due to “moral sentiments”, such as the natural propensity
of subjects toward socially desirable behaviors. In fact, we show that it vanishes once these motives are removed. 相似文献
43.
In this introduction to the special issue on ‘Women's work in changing labour markets’, we argue that a combination of digital advances, notably the digitization of individual- and contextual-level data, the creation of internationally comparable occupation-based classifications, and the development of statistical models allowing for contextually informed analysis, has brought us to the brink of new developments in the field of women's work. Census and vital registration data contain more information on occupations of women than previously thought, and when used in combination with other digitized sources they allow one to assess the possible under-registration of women's work, as illustrated by some of the contributions to this special issue. Other contributions show how standardizing occupation-based classifications allows for temporal and regional comparisons of women's work and makes it feasible to study how community or regional characteristics influence that work. None of these developments – large-scale digitization of individual-level data, standardization of occupational titles and measures of stratification, and contextually informed analyses – is completely new; in some cases they are actually rooted in a venerable research tradition. However, in combination they might well constitute a cascade in the history of working women. 相似文献
44.
Marco Battaglini Valerio Leone Sciabolazza Eleonora Patacchini 《American journal of political science》2020,64(4):739-756
Important work has been done to measure legislative effectiveness in the U.S. Congress and to explain the individual characteristics that drive it. Much less attention, however, has been devoted to study the extent to which legislative effectiveness depends on the legislators' social connections. We address this issue with a new model of legislative effectiveness that formalizes the role of social connections, and we test its predictions using the network of cosponsorship links in the 109th–113th Congresses. We propose a new empirical strategy that addresses network endogeneity by implementing a two-step Heckman correction based on an original instrument: the legislators' alumni connections. We find that social connections are a significant determinant of legislative effectiveness. We also study the influence of legislators' characteristics in shaping the network effects. In doing so, we provide new insights into how social connectedness interacts with factors such as seniority, partisanship, and legislative leadership in determining legislators' effectiveness. 相似文献
45.
46.
Ausgehend von den Reaktionen auf zwei ähnliche Ereignisse – die "Massaker" in Genf und Zürich im Jahre 1932 – formuliert der Artikel Hypothesen über die Erfolgsbedingungen eines bürgerrechtsorientierten Diskurses in der Öffentlichkeit. In Genf konnte sich dieser Diskurs hegemonial ausbreiten, während sich in Zürich ein Law-and-Order Diskurs durchgesetzt hat. Die Ausrichtung der Diskurse wird anhand eines politischen Modells erklärt. Die diskursiven Strategien der politischen Parteien richten sich nach a) den Allianzen mit sozialen Bewegungen, b) ihrer Position im politischen System (Regierung oder Opposition) und c) dem Wahlprozess, welchem eine Validierungsfunktion der diskursiven Optionen zukommt. Die Autoren argumentieren, dass die diskursiven Strategien der 1930er Jahre zu wichtigen und bindenden symbolischen Ressourcen für die politischen Akteure in den 70er Jahren wurden, als die Auseinandersetzung um die öffentliche Ordnung mit dem Aufkommen der neuen sozialen Bewegungen wieder auf der politischen Agenda erschien. 相似文献
47.
If we look back at the past two decades, timing seems to point to a close connection between democratic reforms and economic growth in sub-Saharan states. Most countries in the area introduced multiparty politics and made dramatic – if incomplete – democratic progress between 1990 and 1994. Quite strikingly, it is exactly from 1994 to 1995 (and particularly from 2000) that the region began to undergo a period of significant economic progress. Because of the undeniable temporal sequence experienced in the region – that is, first political reforms, then economic growth – some observers pointed to a nexus between democratic progress and economic performance. But is there evidence in support of a causal relationship? As of today, no empirical research has been conducted on the democracy–growth nexus in the early twenty-first century's so-called “emerging Africa”. To fill this gap, we discuss the different arguments claiming an economic advantage of democracies, we present our theoretical framework and carry out an empirical analysis of the growth impact of political regimes in 43 sub-Saharan states for the entire 1980–2010 period. Our findings confirm that African countries, many of which had long suffered the combination of authoritarian rule and predatory practices, derived some economic dividends from democratic progress. 相似文献
48.
Netherlands International Law Review - The interplay between public and private actors in the exploitation of natural resources in an occupied territory makes the regime of state and individual... 相似文献
49.
The present study explores how Italian regions and their presidents employed Facebook during the Covid-19 pandemic to encourage citizen engagement. To do so, it adopts quantitative methodologies. Our results show that most public actors increased their levels of social activity during the pandemic but mainly for promoting public communication and that citizens much prefer interacting with presidents. Moreover, citizen engagement was higher when posts were published during nonbusiness hours or weekends, while it decreased when posts contained photos or videos. 相似文献
50.
Silvia Turroni Beatrice Vitali Marco Candela Paolo Gionchetti Fernando Rizzello Massimo Campieri Patrizia Brigidi 《党史博采》2010,(1)
AIM:To profile protein expression in mucosal biopsies from patients with chronic refractory pouchitis following antibiotic or probiotic treatment,using a comparative proteomic approach. METHODS:Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry were used to characterize the changes related to antibiotic therapy in the protein expression profiles of biopsy samples from patients with chronic refractory pouchitis.The same proteom... 相似文献