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71.
Prieto L Montesino M Salas A Alonso A Albarrán C Alvarez S Crespillo M Di Lonardo AM Doutremepuich C Fernández-Fernández I de la Vega AG Gusmão L López CM López-Soto M Lorente JA Malaghini M Martínez CA Modesti NM Palacio AM Paredes M Pena SD Pérez-Lezaun A Pestano JJ Puente J Sala A Vide M Whittle MR Yunis JJ Gómez J;Spanish Portuguese Working Group of the International Society of Forensic Genetics 《Forensic science international》2003,134(1):46-53
We report the results of Spanish and Portuguese working group (GEP) of International Society of Forensic Genetics (ISFG) Collaborative Exercise 2001-2002 on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) analysis. 64 laboratories from Spain, Portugal and several Latin-American countries participated in this quality control exercise. Five samples were sent to the participating laboratories, four blood stains (M1-M4) and a sample (M5) consisting of two hair shaft fragments. M4 was non-human (Felis catus) in origin; therefore, the capacity of the labs to identify the biological source of this sample was an integral part of the exercise. Some labs detected the non-human origin of M4 by carrying out immuno-diffussion techniques using antihuman serum, whereas others identified the specific animal origin by testing the sample against a set of animal antibodies or by means of the analysis of mtDNA regions (Cyt-b, 12S, and 16S genes). The results of the other three human blood stains (M1-M3) improved in relation to the last Collaborative Exercises but those related to hairs yielded a low rate of success which clearly contrasts with previous results. As a consequence of this, some labs performed additional analysis showing that the origin of this low efficiency was not the presence of inhibitors, but the low quantity of DNA present in these specific hair samples and the degradation.As a general conclusion the results emphasize the need of external proficiency testing as part of the accreditation procedure for the labs performing mtDNA analysis in forensic casework. 相似文献
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73.
Genetic Identification of Communist Crimes’ Victims (1944–1956) Based on the Analysis of One of Many Mass Graves Discovered on the Powazki Military Cemetery in Warsaw,Poland
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Andrzej Ossowski Ph.D. Marta Diepenbroek Ph.D. Tomasz Kupiec Ph.D. Milena Bykowska‐Witowska M.Sc. Grażyna Zielińska Ph.D. Teresa Dembińska Ph.D. Andrzej Ciechanowicz Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2016,61(6):1450-1455
As the result of the communist terror in Poland, during years 1944–1956 more than 50,000 people died. Their bodies were buried secretly, and most places are still unknown. The research presents the results of identification of people buried in one of many mass graves, which were found at the cemetery Pow?zki Military in Warsaw, Poland. Exhumation revealed the remains of eight people, among which seven were identified genetically. Well‐preserved molars were used for the study. Reference material was collected from the closest living relatives. In one case, an exhumation of victim's parents had to be performed. DNA from swabs was extracted with a PrepFiler® BTA Forensic DNA Extraction Kit and organic method. Autosomal, Y‐STR amplification, and mtDNA sequencing were performed. The biostatistical calculations resulted in LR values from 1608 to 928 × 1018. So far, remains of more than 50 victims were identified. 相似文献
74.
Parents’ Self-efficacy Beliefs and Their Children’s Psychosocial Adaptation During Adolescence 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Patrizia Steca Marta Bassi Gian Vittorio Caprara Antonella Delle Fave 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2011,40(3):320-331
Research has shown that parents’ perceived parental self-efficacy (PSE) plays a pivotal role in promoting their children’s
successful adjustment. In this study, we further explored this issue by comparing psychosocial adaptation in children of parents
with high and low PSE during adolescence. One hundred and thirty Italian teenagers (55 males and 75 females) and one of their
parents (101 mothers and 29 fathers) participated in the research. Data were collected at T1 (adolescents’ mean age = 13.6)
and T2 (mean age = 17.5). Parents reported their PSE at T1. At T1 and T2, adolescents reported their perceived academic self-efficacy,
aggressive and violent conducts, well-being, and perceived quality of their relationships with parents. At T2, they were also
administered questions by using Experience Sampling Method to assess their quality of experience in daily life. As hypothesized,
adolescents with high PSE parents reported higher competence, freedom and well-being in learning activities as well as in
family and peer interactions. They also reported fewer problematic aspects and more daily opportunities for optimal experience.
Findings pointed to the stability of adolescents’ psychosocial adaptation and highlighted possible directions in future research. 相似文献
75.
Adolescence and emerging adulthood are two core developmental periods in which individuals can develop a meaningful identity across domains. However, there is a lack of studies exploring correlates of different identity configurations. The purpose of this article was to fill this gap in examining correlates of configurations characterized by identity stability or instability in both ideological and relational domains or identity stability in one domain and instability in the other domain. Three studies were presented. In the first study, we investigated links between identity configurations and internalizing problem behaviors in early and middle adolescents (N=1,891; M (age) =14; 55% female); in the second study, we focused on associations between identity configurations and identity functions in late adolescents and early emerging adults (N=1,085; M (age) =19; 63% female); in the third study, we investigated relationships between identity configurations, sense of coherence, and basic psychological need satisfaction in emerging adults (N=489; M (age) =21; 71% female). Overall, findings highlighted that participants experiencing a condition of identity stability in both domains reported a better profile than their peers displaying a condition of instability in both realms. Further, individuals with identity stability only in one domain reported intermediate scores and the effect provided by each domain varied according to the correlate examined and the age group taken into account. Implications of these findings are discussed. 相似文献
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77.
Daniela Cristofoli Maria Cucciniello Marta Micacchi Benedetta Trivellato Alex Turrini Giovanni Valotti 《Public administration》2023,101(1):106-123
Turbulence appears to be a “new normal” in current societies, and public organizations need to learn how to react and adapt to it. Scholars agree on the need for robust actions to respond to turbulence. Through a qualitative comparative analysis performed on the vaccination campaigns of all 20 Italian regions, our paper explores whether different and alternative models of robustness may exist to cope with turbulence. Results shed light on three alternative models featuring static, hybrid, and dynamic robustness. They also highlight that robust governance appears to involve a capacity to learn, and to employ this learning as circumstances demand. 相似文献
78.
79.
After first outlining the notion of anti-Semitism, the predominant survey method used for researching it, and the history of the presence and the current (near) absence of Jews in Poland, this article gives the results of different surveys of various kinds of anti-Semitism in this country, including the authors' own, and discusses the findings of their qualitative study – focus group interviews with members of three different Catholic communities from three different cities. The qualitative study confirmed the hypothesis that imagined and stereotypical rather than real Jews are the objects of modern anti-Semitism in Poland, while real historical and stereotypically perceived Jews are the objects of its religious and post-Holocaust variants. The roots of religious anti-Semitism lie in the not entirely absorbed teachings of the Catholic Church on the Jewish deicide charge. Religious anti-Semitism supports modern and post-Holocaust kinds of anti-Semitism. Modern anti-Semitism is rooted in poor education, lack of interest in the Jewish history of Poland, lack of inter-group contact, and persisting stereotypes of Jews. Among the various Catholic communities of Poles, there are considerable differences in attitudes to Jews. The qualitative study also revealed a methodological deficiency in the standard survey questions intended to measure anti-Semitism, which are sometimes understood as questions about facts rather than about opinions. 相似文献
80.
María de Lourdes Chávez‐Briones M.D. Raquel Hernández‐Cortés B.S. Porfirio Díaz‐Torres B.S. Alberto Niderhauser‐García M.D. Jesús Ancer‐Rodríguez M.D. Gilberto Jaramillo‐Rangel Ph.D. Marta Ortega‐Martínez Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2013,58(1):248-250
Dipterous fly larvae (maggots) are frequently collected from a corpse during a criminal investigation. Previous studies showed that DNA analysis of the gastrointestinal contents of maggots might be used to reveal the identity of a victim. However, this approach has not been used to date in legal investigations, and thus its practical usefulness is unknown. A badly burned body was discovered with its face and neck colonized by fly larvae. Given the condition of the body, identification was not possible. Short tandem repeat (STR) typing was performed using the gastrointestinal contents of maggots collected from the victim and was compared to STR profiles obtained from the alleged father. The probability of paternity was 99.685%. Thus, this comparative DNA test enabled the conclusive identification of the remains. This is the first reported case of analysis of human DNA isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of maggots used to identify a victim in a criminal case. 相似文献