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141.
Vaughn MG Fu Q Beaver KM Delisi M Perron BE Howard MO 《Journal of interpersonal violence》2011,26(17):3509-3525
This study examined effects of type of and cumulative burden of childhood adversities on bullying and cruelty to animals in the United States. Data were derived from Waves I and II of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions, a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults. Structured psychiatric interviews were completed by trained lay interviewers between 2001-2002 and 2003-2004. Although the effects of childhood adversity diminished with the inclusion of confounding variables, several adversities remained significant. For bullying, these included being made to do chores that were too difficult or dangerous, threatening to hit or throw something, pushing, shoving, slapping, or hitting, and hitting that left bruises, marks, or injuries. With respect to cruelty to animals, swearing and saying hurtful things, having a parent or other adult living within the home that went to jail or prison, and adult/other person fondling/touching in a sexual way were significant. The final models indicated that the cumulative burden of childhood adversities had strong effects on the increased likelihood of bullying behavior but not cruelty to animals. 相似文献
142.
Michael G. Vaughn Qiang FuStephen J. Wernet Matt DeLisiKevin M. Beaver Brian E. PerronMatthew O. Howard 《Journal of criminal justice》2011,39(3):212
Purpose
Whether lifetime abstainer's antisocial behavior is maladjusted or well-adjusted is unresolved. The aim of this study was to compare abstainers (defined as persons with no lifetime use of alcohol and other drugs and non-engagement in antisocial or delinquent behavior) with non-abstainers across a range of sociodemographic and mental health characteristics in the United States.Methods
Data were derived from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions, a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults. Structured psychiatric interviews (N = 43,093) using the Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule — DSM-IV version (AUDADIS-IV) were completed by trained lay interviewers between 2001 and 2002.Results
The prevalence of abstaining was 11 percent. Abstainers were significantly more likely to be female, Asian and African-American, born outside the U.S., and less likely to be unemployed. Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that abstainers were significantly less likely to evidence lifetime mood, anxiety, or personality disorder compared to non-abstainers.Conclusions
Findings indicate that abstainers are not maladapted and are comparatively more functional than non-abstainers. 相似文献143.
Many studies regarding the legal status of forensic science have relied on the U.S. Supreme Court's mandate in Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals Inc., and its progeny in order to make subsequent recommendations or rebuttals. This paper focuses on a more pragmatic approach to analyzing forensic science's immediate deficiencies by considering a qualitative analysis of actual judicial reasoning where forensic identification evidence has been excluded on reliability grounds since the Daubert precedent. Reliance on general acceptance is becoming insufficient as proof of the admissibility of forensic evidence. The citation of unfounded statistics, error rates and certainties, a failure to document the analytical process or follow standardized procedures, and the existence of observe bias represent some of the concerns that have lead to the exclusion or limitation of forensic identification evidence. Analysis of these reasons may serve to refocus forensic practitioners' testimony, resources, and research toward rectifying shortfalls in these areas. 相似文献
144.
It is well established that geographic areas benefit, in terms of the share of government spending they capture, from having a legislator with longer tenure, holding constant the tenure of other legislators. However, the implications of this literature for how the total production of legislation changes if all members gained seniority is less clear. Increased levels and dispersion of seniority within Congress generate a cartel-like effect, whereby legislators restrict the quantity of legislation enacted and increase the average price of each passed bill. The analysis provides a natural experiment to gauge the impacts of the emergence of the congressional committee system. 相似文献
145.
Michael G. Vaughn Kevin M. Beaver Jade Wexler Matt DeLisi Gregory J. Roberts 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2011,40(2):197-206
Compared to high school graduates, adolescents who drop out of school are more likely to have a range of negative outcomes,
including lower verbal capacities; however, the true nature of this association is not well-understood. Dropping out of school
could have an important effect on reducing verbal skills, or the link between dropping out of school and diminished verbal
skills could be a spurious association that is the result of unmeasured confounding variables. The current study tested these
two competing perspectives by using propensity-score-matching (PSM) to unpack the association between school dropout and verbal
skills among 7,317 respondents from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (51% female, 49% male; 62% Caucasian,
38% minority). The results of the PSM models indicated a small yet meaningful statistically significant effect of dropout
on verbal skills in adulthood even after taking into account a range of confounders. We conclude by discussing the implications
of our results. 相似文献
146.
Matt DeLisi Michael J. Elbert Alan J. Drury 《American Journal of Criminal Justice》2018,43(4):792-809
The criminal career paradigm is a major research area but has largely overlooked federal offenders and federal data. Drawing on a population of federal supervised release clients in the Midwestern United States, the current study examined the predictive validity of the federal Post-Conviction Risk Assessment (PCRA) and its subscales for their association with six parameters of the criminal career. Poisson, negative binomial, and logistic regression models showed that PCRA Risk was significantly associated with annual offending rate (lambda), chronicity, prison misconduct, noncompliance on supervised release, having a warrant requested on supervised release, and career criminal status. Various PCRA subscales also were significantly associated with criminal career outcomes especially for current community supervision outcomes. These effects withstood confounding effects for age, sex, race, age of arrest onset, federal criminal history rank, and total prison exposure. The study supported basic criminal career findings using federal data and showed that a standard risk assessment actuarial in the federal system has utility as an indicator of the criminal career. 相似文献
147.
Matt Kane 《The Journal of Technology Transfer》1998,23(1):7-11
This article reviews the importance of manufacturing to the U.S. economy, presents indicators of performance for the U.S.
manufacturing sector, examines the lagging performance of small and midsize manufacturing establishments, and supports manufacturing
extension initiatives as a means for improving small firm performance and spurring U.S. economic growth.
Dan Luria of the Industrial Technology Institute, Jack Russell of the Modernization Forum, Carol Lessure of the Modernization
Forum and Chris Heye of Nexus Associates contributed to the development of this paper. 相似文献
148.
Thornton D Beech A Marshall WL 《International journal of offender therapy and comparative criminology》2004,48(5):587-599
The relationship between self-esteem assessed prior to treatment using the Self-Esteem Scale and sexual recidivism was explored in two samples of adult male sex offenders, 53 of whom were beginning treatment in the community and 172 of whom were beginning treatment in prison. Sexual reconviction rates were obtained for both samples using a 6-year followup for the community sample and an average follow-up of just less than 4 years for the prison sample. Lower levels of self-esteem were associated with higher sexual recidivism rates with similar trends being apparent in both samples. The linear main effect of self-esteem was significant at beyond the .01 level in a logistic regression analysis. Receiver operating characteristics analysis was used to assess the strength of this association and an area-under-the-curve coefficient of .69 was obtained. Results are discussed in terms of their meaning for the relevance of self-esteem as a predictor of recidivism and as a target for treatment. 相似文献
149.
150.