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231.
Max L. Bromley Ed.D. 《Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology》1995,10(3):13-19
A considerable amount of attention is now being paid to the serious nature of campus crime. However, little information is
available with regard to those factors that might be closely associated with such incidents. This paper discusses security
features and demographic characteristics of a select number of colleges throughout the country. It also describes the extent
to which these factors are related to campus crimes. Conclusions and recommendations for campus police officials are discussed. 相似文献
232.
233.
John K. Cochran Max L. Bromley Lisa V. Landis 《Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology》1999,14(1):43-65
Across occupations of every form, including those in criminal justice, administrators, managers, and supervisors frequently
introduce changes to the structure and/or processes of the work environment. These changes may be seen as necessary to enhance
worker productivity, but may be viewed by some workers as an unwanted disruption to their routines. Should employees interpret
changes in such a manner, they can, and often do, negate these reforms. Employee work orientations (i.e., philosophical approaches
toward work) undoubtedly play a role in such an interchange because they influence both how employees behave on the job and
how they perceive their job. The move toward community-oriented policing constitutes a major paradigm shift to the practice
of law enforcement. This structural and procedural change to the routines of policing could be perceived as threatening to
those law enforcement officers whose work orientations are inconsistent with the philosophical foundation of community-based
policing. The presence of a sufficient number of such officers could doom this movement to failure. This study uses survey
data collected from a sample of sheriff’s deputies involved in an agency-wide community policing effort. In this study we
examine the effects of deputies’ work orientations on their perceptions of the agency’s readiness for and the anticipated
effectiveness of this initiative. The findings suggest interesting differences in the efforts of a traditional crime control
orientation versus a more progressive community service orientation toward policing. 相似文献
234.
235.
Validation of Tool Mark Comparisons Obtained Using a Quantitative,Comparative, Statistical Algorithm
L. Scott Chumbley Ph.D. Max D. Morris Ph.D. M. James Kreiser B.S. Charles Fisher B.S. Jeremy Craft M.S. Lawrence J. Genalo Ph.D. Stephen Davis B.S. David Faden B.S. Julie Kidd M.S. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2010,55(4):953-961
Abstract: A statistical analysis and computational algorithm for comparing pairs of tool marks via profilometry data is described. Empirical validation of the method is established through experiments based on tool marks made at selected fixed angles from 50 sequentially manufactured screwdriver tips. Results obtained from three different comparison scenarios are presented and are in agreement with experiential knowledge possessed by practicing examiners. Further comparisons between scores produced by the algorithm and visual assessments of the same tool mark pairs by professional tool mark examiners in a blind study in general show good agreement between the algorithm and human experts. In specific instances where the algorithm had difficulty in assessing a particular comparison pair, results obtained during the collaborative study with professional examiners suggest ways in which algorithm performance may be improved. It is concluded that the addition of contextual information when inputting data into the algorithm should result in better performance. 相似文献
236.
Targeted killings have become a central component of counterterrorism strategy. In response to the unprecedented prevalence of this strategy around the world, numerous empirical studies have recently examined whether “decapitating” militant groups with targeted killings is strategically effective. This study builds on that research program by examining the impact of targeted killings on militant group tactical decision-making. Our empirical strategy exploits variation in the attack patterns of militant groups conditional on whether a government’s targeted killing attempt succeeded against them operationally. In both the Afghanistan-Pakistan and Israel-West Bank-Gaza Strip theaters, targeted killings significantly alter the nature of militant group violence. When their leaderships are degraded with a successful strike, militant groups become far less discriminate in their target selection by redirecting their violence from military to civilian targets. We then analyze several potential causal mechanisms to account for these results and find strongest evidence that targeted killings tend to promote indiscriminate organizational violence by empowering lower level members with weaker civilian restraint. 相似文献
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239.
Expectations of Russia becoming a global ‘breadbasket’ have been nurtured by its rise to the top group of global wheat exporters, the abundance of abandoned land, assumed yield gaps and the apparent ‘success’ of agroholdings. It is argued here that becoming a global breadbasket is hindered by substantial costs of re-cultivating abandoned land, management and financial problems of megafarms and agroholdings, lack of infrastructure for exports and increased domestic demand for feed grains as input for the meat sector. Furthermore, as Russian wheat production is extremely volatile it might increase global price volatility, rather than contributing to global food security. 相似文献
240.
G. John Geldhof Edmond P. Bowers Megan Kiely Mueller Christopher M. Napolitano Kristina Schmid Callina Richard M. Lerner 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2014,43(6):933-949
As developmental scientists cease to perceive adolescence as a period of inevitable turmoil and adopt the Positive Youth Development (PYD) perspective, psychometrically sound measurement tools will be needed to assess adolescents’ positive attributes. In this article we examine the longitudinal stability of the very short version of the PYD scale developed as part of the 4-H Study of PYD. Using a sample of 7,071 adolescents (60 % female) followed between Grades 5 and 12, our results suggest general stability of PYD across adolescence, both in terms of mean levels and rank-order stability. We also show that both a global measure of PYD and the individual Five Cs of PYD consistently correlate with important criterion measures (i.e., contribution, depressive symptoms, and problem behaviors) in expected ways. Although our results suggest weak relationships among our three criteria, we especially note that across adolescence PYD becomes more strongly correlated with contribution but less strongly correlated with depressive symptoms, and that confidence becomes more strongly related to depressive symptoms. We discuss implications for use of the present PYD measure in youth development programs. 相似文献