全文获取类型
收费全文 | 5386篇 |
免费 | 254篇 |
专业分类
各国政治 | 377篇 |
工人农民 | 189篇 |
世界政治 | 580篇 |
外交国际关系 | 418篇 |
法律 | 2364篇 |
中国政治 | 48篇 |
政治理论 | 1605篇 |
综合类 | 59篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 39篇 |
2022年 | 19篇 |
2021年 | 41篇 |
2020年 | 87篇 |
2019年 | 114篇 |
2018年 | 198篇 |
2017年 | 196篇 |
2016年 | 251篇 |
2015年 | 141篇 |
2014年 | 156篇 |
2013年 | 874篇 |
2012年 | 179篇 |
2011年 | 176篇 |
2010年 | 148篇 |
2009年 | 154篇 |
2008年 | 201篇 |
2007年 | 239篇 |
2006年 | 210篇 |
2005年 | 189篇 |
2004年 | 193篇 |
2003年 | 161篇 |
2002年 | 162篇 |
2001年 | 103篇 |
2000年 | 97篇 |
1999年 | 106篇 |
1998年 | 83篇 |
1997年 | 87篇 |
1996年 | 71篇 |
1995年 | 63篇 |
1994年 | 70篇 |
1993年 | 77篇 |
1992年 | 66篇 |
1991年 | 62篇 |
1990年 | 62篇 |
1989年 | 52篇 |
1988年 | 62篇 |
1987年 | 40篇 |
1986年 | 49篇 |
1985年 | 38篇 |
1984年 | 39篇 |
1983年 | 30篇 |
1982年 | 28篇 |
1981年 | 31篇 |
1980年 | 18篇 |
1979年 | 19篇 |
1978年 | 20篇 |
1977年 | 16篇 |
1976年 | 14篇 |
1975年 | 14篇 |
1974年 | 30篇 |
排序方式: 共有5640条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
921.
Rehabilitation clinicians routinely make judgments about the capacity of individuals to return to work following whiplash injury, which can have serious implications for individuals’ continued access to salary indemnity benefits. The present study examined the validity and determinants of these judgments. During a standardized rehabilitation intervention, data regarding demographic factors, crash characteristics, pain severity, range of motion, pain-related psychological functioning, as well as change in the latter three factors over the course of treatment were collected for 104 whiplash-injured individuals (73 women, 31 men). Upon completion of the intervention, clinicians rated the number of hours each individual was capable of working per day. Follow-up data regarding the actual number of hours worked were collected 1 year later. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that clinicians’ judgments added significant unique variance to the return to work prediction beyond other predictive factors, and that clinicians were particularly influenced by patients’ pain severity and treatment-related change in pain severity in making these judgments. Although clinicians were significantly able to predict return to work, the limited variance accounted for by their judgments (12%) warrants caution in the use of these judgments in decisions related to access to services or indemnity. Factors predictive of clinician judgment and actual return to work are compared, and recommendations to enhance the utility of these judgments are made. 相似文献
922.
Differences in Neuropsychological Functioning Between Homicidal and Nonviolent Schizophrenia Samples
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Journal of forensic sciences》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
John Stratton Ph.D. Derin J. Cobia Ph.D. James Reilly Ph.D. Michael Brook Ph.D. Robert E. Hanlon Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2018,63(5):1435-1443
Few studies have compared performance on neurocognitive measures between violent and nonviolent schizophrenia samples. A better understanding of neurocognitive dysfunction in violent individuals with schizophrenia could increase the efficacy of violence reduction strategies and aid in risk assessment and adjudication processes. This study aimed to compare neuropsychological performance between 25 homicide offenders with schizophrenia and 25 nonviolent schizophrenia controls. The groups were matched for age, race, sex, and handedness. Independent t‐tests and Mann–Whitney U‐tests were used to compare the schizophrenia groups’ performance on measures of cognition, including composite scores assessing domain level functioning and individual neuropsychological tests. Results indicated the violent schizophrenia group performed worse on measures of memory and executive functioning, and the Intellectual Functioning composite score, when compared to the nonviolent schizophrenia sample. These findings replicate previous research documenting neuropsychological deficits specific to violent individuals with schizophrenia and support research implicating fronto‐limbic dysfunction among violent offenders with schizophrenia. 相似文献
923.
Michael Polder Hugo de Bondt George van Leeuwen 《The Journal of Technology Transfer》2018,43(6):1522-1541
We present evidence on industry productivity growth and business dynamics in Dutch industries for the period 2007–2012, and investigate whether there is a role for ICT intensity in explaining differences across industries. Moreover, we relate ICT intensity to various distributional characteristics of firm performance, such as the dispersion of labor productivity and turnover, concentration and turbulence of market shares, and the efficiency of resource allocation. In the first part of the paper we follow a decomposition approach, whereas in the second part we apply a regression based analysis. The results suggest that productivity growth is higher in ICT production and industries with high ICT usage, but that ICT also increases differences in firm performance and leads to concentration of markets. In addition, there is evidence that markets are more efficient in ICT intensive industries. 相似文献
924.
Philip Matthew Stinson Sr. John Liederbach Michael Buerger Steven L. Brewer Jr. 《Criminal Justice Studies》2018,31(3):310-331
This study is part of a larger research project on police crime in the United States. Police crimes are those criminal offenses committed by sworn law enforcement officers who have the general powers of arrest. Profit-motivated police crime involves officers who use their authority of position to engage in crime for personal gain. This study reports the findings on 1,591 cases where a law enforcement officer was arrested for one or more profit-motivated crimes during the seven-year period 2005–2011. The profit-motivated arrest cases involved 1,396 individual officers employed by 782 state, local, special, constable, and tribal law enforcement agencies located in 531 counties and independent cities in 47 states and the District of Columbia. Our data is the first systematic study of profit-motivated police crime. The study describes the nature of this form of police misconduct in terms of several dimensions, including the characteristics of police who perpetrate these crimes, where it occurs, the specific criminal charges, and the contexts within which profit-motivated police crime is punished through police agencies and the criminal courts. 相似文献
925.
Patrick T. McGonigal Samantha L. Bernecker Michael J. Constantino 《The journal of forensic psychiatry & psychology》2018,29(5):774-781
Despite the prevalence of anger management programs in correctional settings, there is mixed support for their effectiveness, and little is known about who benefits most. This preliminary study aimed to (1) evaluate the effectiveness of anger management for inmates, and (2) examine baseline psychopathology and midtreatment variables as response predictors. Participants were 30 incarcerated men undergoing 12-session anger management groups. Post-intervention, inmate-reported anger, and disciplinary actions decreased. Increased reported emotion regulation strategies predicted anger reduction. 相似文献
926.
Joshua C. Cochran Michael J. Lynch Elisa L. Toman Ryan T. Shields 《Journal of Quantitative Criminology》2018,34(1):37-66
Objectives
This study examines sentencing patterns for environmental crimes and tests the assumption that “green” offenders receive more lenient treatment from criminal courts than non-environmental offenders.Methods
We present two sets of analyses. First, we present an empirical portrait of environmental felony offenses convicted in a single state (Florida) over a fifteen-year period and the resulting criminal sanctions. Second, we use a precision matching analysis to assess whether environmental offenders receive more lenient treatment when compared to non-environmental offenders with the same characteristics and offense severity scores.Results
Findings indicate that an overall small percentage of felony convictions in state courts stem from environmental crimes. We also find that punishments for environmental crimes are more lenient than sanctions assigned to comparable non-environmental offenses when the environmental crime is ecological, but that punishments are sometimes harsher when the environmental crime involves animals.Conclusions
The findings provide general support for the argument that courts and other formal institutions of social control treat environmental crimes more leniently than non-environmental crimes. This paper also raises important questions about citizen and state actors’ perceptions of crimes against the environment and, more generally, about the ways in which theories of court sentencing behaviors apply to environmental crime sanctioning decisions.927.
Jason Gravel Blake Allison Jenny West-Fagan Michael McBride George E. Tita 《Journal of Quantitative Criminology》2018,34(1):189-219
Objectives
This study proposes a theoretical framework for understanding two empirical findings from gang research: (1) gangs are generally racially homogenous, even in heterogeneous environments, and (2) gang violence tends to be intra-racial. We draw from the extensive literature on street gangs as well as from research on group formation and status-enhancing behavior to develop a theoretical model of gang formation.Methods
Using game theory, we model the simultaneous decisions of individuals to commit status-enhancing acts of violence and to seek protection by joining a gang. We then conduct computer simulations to examine the resulting patterns of violence and gang composition.Results
We demonstrate that as long as some social distance exists between racial groups in a community, gang violence will be intra-racial and gangs will be homogenous. We find that our results are robust to a number of simple variations of the model and allow us to generate several hypotheses about the nature of gang formation and patterns of violence.Conclusions
When violence is motivated by socially constructed rewards, socially closer targets are likely to yield greater rewards. In such a system, individuals must reduce their likelihood of victimization by entering a social contract of non-violence (i.e. gang membership) with individuals who might view them as status-enhancing targets (i.e. socially close individuals). The result is that gangs are made up of socially close individuals interested in attacking other socially close individuals. Therefore, gangs tend to be racially homogenous and violence is overwhelmingly intra-racial.928.
Skye Stephens Jennifer E. Newman James M. Cantor Michael C. Seto 《Journal of Sexual Aggression》2018,24(1):1-11
A current debate is whether actuarial risk assessment tools predict sexual recidivism in sexual offenders with intellectual disabilities (SOIDs). Since intellectual functioning exists on a spectrum, the present study examined the predictive validity of the Static-99R across the range of intellectual functioning. The sample was comprised of 454 adult sexual offenders assessed at an outpatient clinic and followed for an average of 10 years. Offenders in the extremely low/borderline group had higher scores on the Static-99R than other offenders, largely due to their score on the detachment subscale of the Static-99R, but did not have significantly higher recidivism rates. Calibration analyses suggested that the expected and observed recidivism rates did not differ significantly. Intellectual functioning did not add incremental validity to the Static-99R. Further, there was no interaction between intellectual functioning and actuarial risk score. The results suggested that the Static-99R can be used across the range of intellectual functioning, albeit somewhat more cautiously for those at the lowest and highest end of the intellectual functioning distribution. 相似文献
929.
Anita Barbee Corrie Rice Becky F. Antle Katy Henry Michael R. Cunningham 《Journal of public child welfare》2018,12(3):354-379
ABSTRACTThe purpose of the study is to examine the impact of a statewide intervention (BSW level Title IV-E Program) on both the workers’ intent to leave the job and their actual exit from a state administered public child welfare agency. Employees completed an extensive survey including scales assessing individual, team, and organizational variables that might impact turnover. Results show that more Title IV-E graduates stay with the agency than do regular hires and leave at a slower rate. Different variables impact intent to leave compared to actual exit and vary across type of employee. Implications for the workforce are discussed. 相似文献
930.
ABSTRACTRetention of public child welfare (PCW) workers is the focus of much scholarly research. Examinations of the topic have ranged from assessments of workers’ background to job factors and attitudinal components about the workplace. Unlike most studies, the present study uses agency administrative data on retention. In it, 502 PCW workers responded to a point-in-time survey covering a wide range of topics including job satisfaction, commitment to child welfare, perceptions of culture and climate, Title IV-E status, and demographic variables. While Title IV-Es were more likely to leave the agency, several significant interactions between Title IV-E and retention status showed that Title IV-Es who left the agency had significantly lower supervisor satisfaction and influence than Title IV-Es who stayed; and lower efficacy scores than non-Title IV-Es who left. No such differences were found for non-Title IV-E stayers and leavers. Implications for these differences for county agencies and universities are discussed. 相似文献