中国共青团纪律建设的历史经验及对当代的启示——基于历届团章与团的组织建设文献的考察

共青团是党领导的具有鲜明政治属性的先进青年的群团组织,是党的助手和后备军。建团百年来,在党的领导下,中国共青团始终高度重视纪律建设。团的纪律建设,经历了新民主主义革命时期的初创和发展、社会主义革命和建设时期的完善和规范、改革开放和社会主义现代化建设时期的恢复和加强、中国特色社会主义新时代的改革和深化四个阶段。通过梳理团章、团的组织建设等文献中关于纪律建设的要求及其演进,可以归纳各个历史时期团的纪律建设的特点和做法,汲取从严治团的有益经验,为新时代加强团的纪律建设提供借鉴和参考。     

应对公共健康危机的药品专利强制许可实施困境与对策

药品专利强制许可作为一项应对公共健康危机的制度在国内外均得到了立法与政策体认.鉴于其所关涉利益关系的复杂性,这项制度从产生至今仍然争议不断.具体到这项制度的实施,其程序和效果存在更多不确定性.尽管当前一些国家已经通过实施强制许可以应对新冠肺炎疫情,但是围绕发展中国家能力不足、除了专利之外药品所涉其他知识产权许可的不确定...     

涉嫌酒后驾驶交通事故人体损伤与驾驶员血中乙醇质量浓度关系研究

目的探讨涉嫌酒后驾驶所致道路交通事故中人体损伤情况与驾驶员血中乙醇质量浓度关系,为预防、控制道路交通事故及人体损伤提供依据。方法对467例涉嫌酒后驾驶机动车的道路交通事故损伤人员相关鉴定资料与肇事驾驶员血中乙醇质量浓度进行系统分析性研究。结果涉嫌酒后驾驶发生道路交通事故的损伤人员中,以20~39岁男性居多;事故中驾驶员损伤机率最高;酒后交通事故以长头小车及摩托车最多,而驾驶员血中乙醇质量浓度（BAC）为0.1~20mg/100mL浓度的摩托车驾乘人员伤亡构成比最高;酒后驾驶机动车肇事导致的人体致命性损伤及人员死亡的饮酒组危险程度均高于未饮酒组,在驾驶员血中乙醇质量浓度（BAC）为0.1~20mg/100mL组与20.1~80mg/100mL组比较无明显差异。结论酒后驾驶肇事导致的人员伤亡比未饮酒驾车交通事故严重;未达酒后驾车组（BAC为0.1~20mg/100mL）和酒后驾车组（BAC为20.1~80mg/100mL）交通事故导致的人员伤亡无明显差异。研究结果提示,应降低饮酒后驾车血中乙醇质量浓度（BAC）法定标准阈值,进一步控制和减少道路交通事故人身伤亡率。     

大学生荣辱观存在的问题及成因和对策

当前,大学生荣辱观主要存在六个方面的问题:一是价值取向扭曲,道德水准降低;二是自我主义膨胀,协作愿望匮乏;三是勤俭意识丧失,享乐欲望高涨;四是诚信理念缺位,公德观念薄弱;五是民族精神淡化,理想信念模糊;六是网络伦理失范,思想防线崩溃.导致大学生荣辱观出现问题的主要原因是:市场经济体制带来的"风险"、不良社会风气对大学生的消极影响、高校思想政治教育机制不健全、家庭教育的错位与缺位.高校应采取抓"主渠道"教育、抓"传统文化"教育、抓"理想信念"教育、抓"网络道德"教育、抓"实践环节"教育等对策来解决大学生荣辱观方面存在的问题.     

对国际形势和中国外交的一些看法与思考

一、国际金融危机影响深远 国际金融危机爆发已过去两年多了，但其影响还在发酵，余波还在扩大。这不仅是一场经济危机和金融危机，更是一场深刻的政治危机、思想危机、体制危机和秩序危机，是资本主义社会政治、经济矛盾长期积累必然导致的结果。     

Flexibility in the implementation of intellectual property rights in agricultural biotechnology

In this paper I discuss the fact that economists define optimal IP rights as a continuum of options in three dimensions: height, breadth and length. At the operational level we see the impossibility of multiplying rights indefinitely (due to prohibitive transaction costs), as well as the use of a limited number of IP tools which have led to the implementation of flexibilities. These flexibilities are designed to limit certain perverse effects of rights ill-adjusted to the characteristics of some economic sectors (agricultural biotechnologies, pharmacy, etc.). In this context, I analyse how these flexibilities are implemented in TRIPS and TRIPS+ agreements and I study the consequences for Developing Countries.     

论行政资助的概念、主体和目的

作为给付行政的一种,行政资助作为国家介入市场的一种干预方式,不与平等相矛盾,系以助成为目的,由包括行政机关、社会组织在内的各种资助主体给予私法主体以各种消极或积极的利益,从而合理地、间接地达到提升公共利益的效果。资助主体的社会性将愈来愈显著。     

The age at marriage of migrants during the industrial revolution in the region of liège

The article examines the cities and towns in the Liège region during industrialization in the ninteenth century, focusing on the relationship between marriage, migration, and entry of people into urban areas. The average age at marriage was higher for in-migrants than for natives, but so was the intensity of nuptiality. Thus, the average age at marriage is not the sole statistic through which to approach questions about the socio-demographic consequences of arrival into town. Towns had several, seemingly closed, marriage markets, and it is important to pay attention to differential behaviors by taking this fact into account. Moreover, in-migration to an industrial city created opportunities to contract marriage, for women as well as men. Sometimes marriages occurred in the village, and were contracted to escape the old system and to prepare for the migration to the city of the young couple. Structural as well as life-course approaches must be combined for a thorough understanding of migration to industrializing cities.

Migrations and marriage: a survey

In numerous studies about the relationships between economic growth and demographic expansion, the dyad “migration-marriage” plays a classical role. In his famous thesis on the Austrasian basin, Wrigley (1961)(p. 133) pointed out the high level of overall fertility in industrial regions. Haines (1979)(pp. 245–247) proposed a complex of explanations that linked economic structure, a sex-differentiated pattern of migration, the structure of the matrimonial market, the potential contribution of women and children to the family economy, and differential in infant and child mortality according to occupation. While Haines's study was focused on populations engaged in mining and heavy industry, Desama (1985)(pp. 97–100, 265) analyzed the case of a textile town and concentrated on the effects of changes in age and sex structures on nuptiality. In the wool city of Verviers during the first part of the nineteenth century, the intensity and timing of marriage were negatively affected by migration flows dominated by young women, with the consequence that the total fertility rate declines as immigration grew. Working on nineteenth century English communities, Ben Moshe and Friedlander (1986) systematized these approaches, and concluded that socioeconomic factors remained more important than cultural ones.     

浅析党的第三代领导集体对中国特色民族理论的三大创新和发展

党的第三代领导集体创造性地发展了中国特色的民族理论。主要体现在:先后提出西部大开发战略构想和全面建设小康社会理论,为实现各民族共同发展勾画出美好蓝图;"三个代表"重要思想的提出,为新时期党的民族工作提供了理论指导和行动纲领;将民族工作纳入依法治国方略之中,强调要继续"坚持和完善民族区域自治制度"。