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11.
Hung-En Sung 《Crime, Law and Social Change》2012,58(3):195-219
Ever since a 2001 World Bank report, many policymakers have come to accept a gender-based approach to corruption control, which posits that women in government reduce corruption because females are more ethical than males. An alternative explanation asserting the spuriousness of the gender-corruption link suggests that both gender equality and lower corruption result from a functioning liberal democracy. In this study, eight hypotheses are formulated and tested with longitudinal data for 204 countries. Findings demonstrate that neither the level of women in government nor a change in it has any impact on the prevalence and/or short-term trend of corruption. But both the strength of liberal institutions and an increase in this strength predict the prevalence and trend of corruption. 相似文献
12.
Despite the several chances of agreement, Japan and Russia have failed to solve the dispute over the Northern Territories/South Kuril Islands. The 1956 model seems to be the most plausible method, but the lack of political coherence of the central politics and the will of negotiation became the factors that hinder the two countries from reaching an agreement. By reviewing the conflicting footprints and strategies of the two countries, the authors argue that the more democratized and diffused a political system is, the more difficult it is to come to an agreement in negotiations. This intensifies the existing theory of foreign policy decision-making process emphasizing the influence of domestic constituents. 相似文献
13.
Fluorescence Imaging of Posterior Spiracles from Second and Third Instars of Forensically Important Chrysomya rufifacies (Diptera: Calliphoridae),
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Danielle Flores M.S. Amy L. Miller M.S. Angelique Showman M.S. Caitlyn Tobita Lori M. N. Shimoda B.S. Carl Sung B.S. Alexander J. Stokes Ph.D. Jeffrey K. Tomberlin Ph.D. David O. Carter Ph.D. Helen Turner Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2016,61(6):1578-1587
Entomological protocols for aging blowfly (Diptera: Calliphoridae) larvae to estimate the time of colonization (TOC) are commonly used to assist in death investigations. While the methodologies for analyzing fly larvae differ, most rely on light microscopy, genetic analysis, or, more rarely, electron microscopy. This pilot study sought to improve resolution of larval stage in the forensically important blowfly Chrysomya rufifacies using high‐content fluorescence microscopy and biochemical measures of developmental marker proteins. We established fixation and mounting protocols, defined a set of measurable morphometric criteria and captured developmental transitions of 2nd instar to 3rd instar using both fluorescence microscopy and anti‐ecdysone receptor Western blot analysis. The data show that these instars can be distinguished on the basis of robust, nonbleaching, autofluorescence of larval posterior spiracles. High‐content imaging techniques using confocal microscopy, combined with morphometric and biochemical techniques, may therefore aid forensic entomologists in estimating TOC. 相似文献
14.
Sung HE Richter L 《International journal of offender therapy and comparative criminology》2007,51(6):686-702
Length of treatment stay is consistently associated with positive posttreatment outcomes in the rehabilitation of drug-abusing offenders. However, past retention research centered on the examination of individual-level determinants to the exclusion of environmental predictors. In this study, the authors propose a rational choice framework in which treatment retention is viewed as a decision-making process that involves calculation of costs and benefits of remaining in treatment. Environmental factors not directly related to the treatment process are theorized to either reward or punish the course of action taken by each treatment client. Retention data from 1,984 drug-abusing felons diverted for long-term residential treatment were analyzed to test the hypotheses that criminal sanctions against drug offenses, violence in local drug markets, and lack of legitimate job opportunities act as deterrents against premature termination of treatment. Results corroborated the criminal sanction and unemployment hypotheses, but not the violence hypothesis. These findings highlight the necessity of reinforcing perceptions of arrest risks and job prospects during treatment. The study concludes with some clinical recommendations. 相似文献
15.
Benjamin Bachrach Ph.D. Anurag Jain M.S. Sung Jung M.S. Robert D. Koons Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2010,55(2):348-357
Abstract: Tool mark identification relies on the premise that microscopic imperfections on a tool’s working surface are sufficiently unique and faithfully transferred to enable a one‐to‐one association between a tool and the tool marks it creates. This paper presents a study undertaken to assess the validity of this premise. As part of this study sets of striated tool marks were created under different conditions and on different media. The topography of these tool marks was acquired and the degree of similarity between them was quantified using well‐defined metrics. An analysis of the resulting matching and nonmatching similarity distributions shows nearly error‐free identification under most conditions. These results provide substantial support for the validity of the premise of tool mark identification. Because the approach taken in this study relies on a quantifiable similarity metric, the results have greater repeatability and objectivity than those obtained using less precise measures of similarity. 相似文献
16.
LokMan Sung M.D. Kilak Kesha M.D. Sarah Avedschmidt M.D. Kelly Root Leigh Hlavaty M.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2018,63(1):130-139
Bows and arrows are ancient weapons that have risen and fallen as the preeminent armaments used by man. Because of the ubiquity of firearms, fatalities from archery injuries in the United States have radically declined. However, when deaths involving this weapon do present themselves, the paucity of reference materials can be a hurdle for forensic pathologists and other forensic scientists. This article will provide a brief history of the origins of the bow and the inception of the compound bow. Comparing and contrasting the structures comprising a traditional bow to those of the modern compound bow will provide insight into how these components function in unison to propel arrows. 相似文献
17.
The contest over gay rights (e.g., same-sex marriage) dramatizes the clash between increasingly nonwhite (“majority-world”), religious conservatives and mostly white, progressives. It renews longstanding debate about the compatibility of religious conservatism and liberal, pluralistic democracy. A study of one influential group, Korean Christians, shows that the younger, western-educated generation generally combines religious conservatism and political liberalism; they are much more likely to espouse liberal-democratic principles and to participate in the larger, plural society than the older, immigrant generation. However, the polarizing politics of gay rights partly reverses the generational pattern: the historically insular, first generation participate more in mainstream politics, while some western-educated, second-generation Korean Christians become intolerant and isolated from elite-educated circles. Ideological minorities self-segregate themselves in the face of hostile, energized majorities, whether progressives in Korean Christian circles or conservatives in secular, educated ones. Public deliberation on same-sex marriage depends on whether it becomes viewed like the clear-cut issue of interracial marriage or the more ambiguous one of abortion. 相似文献
18.
The possibility of regional cooperation in the Yellow Sea Rim (YSR) area has been discussed since the early 1980s. In recent
years, Korean outbound foreign direct investment (FDI) has increased rapidly and it will be growing much further. In the new
phase of the global economy and the post-cold war political environment, Korean firms consider the socialist countries, especially
China, to be attractive new partners for trade and investment projects. Foreign investment contributed to economic growth
in developing countries. In the early stage of industrialization in the 1970s, the share of foreign firms amounted to about
one-tenth of the total manufacturing employment in Korea. Similarly, outbound Korean FDI could also play an important role
in the industrialization of the LDCs in Southeast Asia and China. A case study of a Korean multinational corporation reveals
that the direct employment effect of Korea’s FDI is extensive in terms of money invested. In spite of the complementarity
in economic structure and the phase of development between Korea and China, the prospect of Korea’s outbound FDI is not all
clear. However, one can safely assume that the unit scale of FDI projects will increase. Unlike in the past, the large Korean
corporations are now preparing more than a few fair-sized projects in China. The positive impact of those FDI will be significant.
The YSR cooperation, if successful, could create efficient economic cooperation based on complementarity between Korea and
China. The Korean outbound FDI would pave a road to such regional cooperation.
This article is the revised version of a paper prepared for the International Conference on Regional Development in the Yellow
Sea Rimlands, held February 18–21, 1991. The conference was cosponsored by the Korea Research Institute for Human Settlements,
the State Science and Technology Commission of China, and the East-West Center of Honolulu, Hawaii. 相似文献
19.
Leigh Hlavaty M.D. Jeffery Amley B.S. Kelly Root B.F.A. Sarah Avedschmidt M.D. Andrea Jaworski B.S. LokMan Sung M.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2020,65(2):500-507
When interpreting firearm injuries, the distinction between gunshot wounds and shotgun wounds is important, and separation of these categories is typically straightforward. However, .410 bore firearms can make the classification difficult. Shotguns and revolvers that can fire the same .410 bore ammunition are readily available. This study investigates the soot and gunpowder deposits and pellet patterning of these two types of weapons using cartridges specially designed for .410 bore revolvers and standard birdshot pellet ammunition. For both ammunition types, the revolver had more prompt pellet dispersion and positive detection of gunpowder at greater distances compared to the shotgun. Additionally, .410 bore slugs are of similar caliber to many common bullets. In comparing the .410 bore slugs to equivalent bullets, some morphologic differences may be imparted on the skin by the slugs, but the greatest insight into the weapon remained with the retained projectiles. 相似文献
20.
Alma Au George Cheung Randall Kropp Chan Yuk-chung Gladys L. T. Lam Pauline Sung 《Journal of family violence》2008,23(8):727-735
The present study attempted a preliminary validation of the Brief Spousal Assault Form for the Evaluation of Risk (B-SAFER)
in Hong Kong. In-depth assessment was conducted on 43 identified batterers and 46 control male subjects. Results suggested
that the B-SAFER could correctly classify 95% of the cases. Scores relating to the current situation were found to be particularly
important in predicting intimate partner violence. The concurrent validity of the B-SAFER was demonstrated by its correlation
with the Conflict Tactics Scale scores. Findings were discussed in the context of developing screening tool in the community
setting with the guided clinical approach. 相似文献