Analysis of 16 Y-chromosomal STRs in an African descent sample population of Chocó (Colombia)

We studied and established a database and some parameters of forensic importance were calculated of 16 Y-STR (DYS19, DYS385, DYS389I/II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, DYS437, DYS438, DYS439, DYS460, DYS461, GATA-A10, GATA-H4 and DYS635) in a population of 298 unrelated males of African descent of Chocó (Colombia) and a total of 257 haplotypes were identified using the present set of Y-STR markers, of which 224 were represented only once in the database. Twenty-six haplotypes were presents two times, six haplotypes were presents in three individuals and one haplotype in four men. The haplotype diversity was 0.9987 ± 0.0004. By combining the allelic states of the 16 Y-chromosomal STRs we could construct highly informative haplotypes that allowed the discrimination of 86.2% of the samples tested. With this work we established a database of Y-STR and some parameters of forensic importance. This approach represents a very powerful tool for individual identification and paternity testing in forensic genetic.     

非对称战争与国际人道法

一、引言 在过去的十年里，“军事事务变革”的观念引起了军事思想家们的注意，“不对称”已成为当前的流行用语。但是，不对称很难表示一种本质上新的行动模式，因为在战争的某些特性方面，     

Reduce optimisation time and effort: Taguchi experimental design methods

Development and validation of new methods and technologies frequently require long periods of time and high costs to determine the optimal system. A commonly used approach to optimisation is the factorial method, where each variable is tested at every level of the other variables. An alternative approach is to modify the experimental design using a multifactorial approach. The Taguchi design method utilises orthogonal arrays, which distribute the variables in a balanced manner, thus greatly reducing the number of experiments required. We applied the Taguchi experimental design method to PCR optimisation, and significantly reduced the number of reactions required to create highly successful reactions. We found the Taguchi design method a valuable tool for the optimisation of multifactor experiments.     

Haftung für Baumwurzeln im Kanal (Anm.: Franz Otto)

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