Why Low-Income Households Become Unstably Housed: Evidence From the Panel Study of Income Dynamics

ABSTRACT

Because of a severe shortage of affordable housing in the United States, an increasing number of low-income households suffer from housing instability. However, little evidence exists as to why they experienced housing instability, although they were stably housed at other times. By applying hybrid models to the Panel Study of Income Dynamics data, this study estimates the effects of potential household-level predictors on the likelihood of experiencing housing instability. The results show that changes in family employment structure, job insecurity, automobile ownership, and the number of adult family members within a household correlate with housing instability after controlling for changes in household income and housing costs. Moreover, I find that households with children are particularly vulnerable to housing instability. These results contribute to identifying valid household-level predictors of housing instability and developing preventive policy interventions that help unsubsidized low-income households achieve housing stability.     

The politics of bank bailout in Japan: a cognitive capture and leadership view

Abstract

This article explores why the Japanese government did not decisively intervene on behalf of bank bailouts at the early stage of the banking crisis of 1997–98 and investigates the institutional and political context behind the use of fiscal money for bank bailouts in 1997–98, 1998–99, and 2001–05. In contrast with prevailing views, which emphasize the conflicts of interest or differences in policy preferences between politicians and bureaucrats and their captured nature either by bankers’ special interests or political/bureaucratic interests, this article argues that Japanese policymakers shared a congruent policy preference — that is, minimizing the disruptions in the existing institutional arrangement in government-bank-firm relations and this congruence in policy preference (or ‘cognitive capture’) compelled the government to take a creditor-centered approach to the banking problem — i.e., letting banks resolve their own problems. It also argues that a strong political leadership that can break with the ‘cognitive capture’ and sustain government's resolute commitment to solving the nonperforming loan problem is an essential factor for successful bank restructuring.     

在分享制衡与分立制衡之间——中世纪威尼斯宪政的历史过渡性特征

威尼斯城市共和宪政是欧洲中世纪宪政的一种存在形态。它一方面延续了古典宪政的权力分享模式,另一方面又开始突破古代宪政以阶级分野为基础的"权力分享制衡"模式,具备了近代宪政以政府职能划分为根据的"权力分立制衡"模式的某些特征。威尼斯的国家机构虽然在人员构成上多有交叠,但在职能上各自独立,大致划分为立法、行政和司法三大系统,已初步具备现代宪政三权分立架构的雏形;不同权力机构的关系上不再以阶级之间的混合互补为诉求重点,而把权力的相互分立、彼此制衡奉为首要目标。威尼斯共和宪政在时段上介于古典宪政和现代宪政之间,在结构上开始以权力本身的性质及其承担的职能为依据,尽量强化权力机构的公共性和中立性,淡化其阶级性,并且更加注重分权制衡机制作用的发挥。这些变化体现了西方宪政由古代的"权力分享制衡"向现代的"权力分立制衡"过渡的发展趋势。     

对一起职业病鉴定否定原诊断结论案例的分析

通过对一起经职业病鉴定后否定原诊断结论案例的分析,探讨如何正确运用和进一步完善职业病诊断与鉴定方面的法律、法规和标准,保护劳动者生命健康权益。     

新型荧光502粉末与502胶+荧光染色显现潜在手印的比较

目的 对新型荧光502粉末显现非渗透性光滑客体表面潜手印的一步荧光502显现新技术和传统502胶水熏显+荧光染料染色显现手印技术进行比较研究.方法 比较实验研究,对荧光502粉末和502胶水使用同一自动熏显柜先后进行熏显,荧光502粉末熏显结束后直接在蓝光灯下激发进行观察和拍照;502胶水在熏显完成和聚合物完全固化后使用罗丹明6G和BBD溶液进行荧光染色,再进行光致荧光照相.结果 一步熏显和二次染色的显现效果基本相同,但两者的显现效果也因检材性质和遗留时间的不同而存在一些差别.结论 新型荧光502粉末可以作为一种显现非渗透性光滑客体表面上潜手印的常用方法,尽管新方法对某些客体的显现效果并不好,但对大多数客体来说,其显现效果并不弱于二次染色的方法,并且使用新型荧光502粉末进行一步熏显不会引入有机溶剂,不会引起502聚合物的溶解或造成破坏,确保了纹线及其细节特征不被损坏,也避免了染色后因漂洗不当使手印纹线被冲掉的可能,还不会破坏脱落细胞等生物检材.     

Modern Scientific Evidence Pertaining to Criminal Investigations in the Chosun Dynasty Era (1392–1897 A.C.E.) in Korea

A guidebook detailing the process of forensic investigation was written in 1440 A.C.E. It outlines the fundamentals and details of each element of criminal investigation during the era of the Chosun dynasty in Korea. Because this old guidebook was written in terms of personal experience rather than on scientific basis, it includes many fallacies from the perspective of modern forensic science. However, the book describes methods to form a scientific basis for the experiments performed. We demonstrate the modern scientific basis for ancient methods to monitor trace amounts of blood and detect lethal arsenic poisoning from a postmortem examination as described in this old forensic guidebook. Traces of blood and arsenic poisoning were detected according to the respective color changes of brownish red, due to the reaction of ferric ions in blood with acetic ions of vinegar, and dark blue, due to the reaction of silver with arsenic sulfide.     

我国土地流转信托的若干法律问题研究

土地流转信托是我国农村土地流转方式的创新。土地流转信托是舶来品,国内尚无相关的法律法规进行规制,实践过程中存在土地确权不完整、缺乏完备的法律依据、欠缺有效的监督机制等问题。本文立足于当前国内土地流转信托的实践,从实证的角度对土地流转信托的若干法律问题进行研判,建议尽快完善土地信托配套制度和法律体系。     

后危机时代论我国资产证券化的发展——以一种道路和三方角色为视角

资产证券化作为一项重要的金融创新,在我国仍处于萌芽状态。进入后危机时代,我国应该抓住机遇,坚持金融监管推动资产证券化进程的基本思路,走金融创新的中国道路。而政府、市场参与者和学者三方也应当重新定位自己在资产证券化发展过程中所扮演的角色,以促进我国资产证券化的发展。     

五种中草药对弓形虫体外增殖的抑制效果

探索治疗弓形虫病的有效药物组方,从而为临床合理用药提供科学的指导,通过体外试验,培养Ana-1细胞作为弓形虫宿主细胞,采用MTT法测定了甘草、黄芩、百部、苦参和贯众5种中药对细胞的安全浓度,将弓形虫RH株速殖子与Ana-1细胞在含不同浓度药物的细胞培养液中共同培养,在加药后第4、8、12、24、48小时,观察细胞和弓形虫的生长状态和形态,选取第48小时观察药物体外抑制虫体增殖的效果,并以磺胺嘧啶钠作为阳性药物对照。结果显示,黄芩、百部、甘草可显著抑制弓形虫的增殖,而贯众和苦参效果不佳。     

论邓小平"管用"的理论价值观

邓小平"管用"的理论价值观与马克思恩格斯列宁毛泽东的理论价值观一脉相承。邓小平"管用"的理论价值观的实践特色:重新确立实事求是的思想路线,并使党的思想路线获得了完整的科学理论形态;强调全党要解放思想;坚持"三个有利于"的实践判断标准;严格按照客观规律的要求办事。关于马克思主义理论"管用"问题的几点思考:走群众路线,勇于自我批评;坚持实践的检验作用;反对任何教条主义;谨防实用主义的误区。