Leader Survival,Revolutions, and the Nature of Government Finance

Leaders face multiple threats to their political survival. In addition to surviving the threats to tenure from within the existing political systems, which is modeled using Bueno de Mesquita and colleagues' (2003) selectorate theory, leaders risk being deposed through revolutions and coups. To ameliorate the threat of revolution, leaders can either increase public goods provisions to buy off potential revolutionaries or contract the provision of those public goods, such as freedom of assembly, transparency, and free press, which enable revolutionaries to coordinate. Which response a leader chooses depends upon existing institutions and the structure of government finances. These factors also affect the likelihood and direction of institutional change. Tests of leader survival indicate that revolutionary threats increase the likelihood of deposition for nondemocratic leaders. Leaders with access to resources such as foreign aid or natural resource rents are best equipped to survive these threats and avoid the occurrence of these threats in the first place.     

Population data for MiniNC01 in a population sample from North-eastern Italy and their use in neoplastic tissues fixed in formalin and embedded in paraffin

To establish a database for the three MiniNC01 loci D10S1248, D14S1434, D22S1045 in a population sample from North-eastern Italy, 102 unrelated individuals were typed. DNA was amplified in a multiplex reaction with subsequent automatic detection using capillary electrophoresis. The obtained data give a contribution to the definition of Italian population miniSTRs allele frequencies for the three analysed loci. These three MiniSTRs were tested on 21 neoplastic tissues and the obtained genotypes were compared to those obtained from normal tissue. Only 3 cases (14.28%) gave a different genotype suggesting a better performance of these markers than traditional STRs.     

科学发展观的新境界

科学发展观是马克思主义中国化的最新成果之一,是同马克思列宁主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论和"三个代表"重要思想既一脉相承又与时俱进的科学理论.在党的十七大报告中,科学发展观有了新发展,体现了新的时代特色,达到了新的境界.科学发展观对我国社会主义改革开放和现代化建设具有深刻的指导意义.     

American declinism and the impact of petro-socialism

Irrespective of self-inflicted setbacks, the United States is and will be the ‘indispensable nation’ for the foreseeable future – not merely as the world's largest market, military power and source of technological innovation but also as trendsetter. Doubtless, the United States has fallen back during the G.W. Bush presidency – preoccupied with events in Iraq and an economic slowdown and financial crisis that are now reflected in waning neo-conservative influence. In this policy vacuum, Chávez of Venezuela is building a regional coalition critical of the ‘Washington consensus’ and traditional US hegemony, and he is backed by abundant oil supplies. Petro-socialism needs examination. Meanwhile Barack Obama speaks of change, implying a more consensual foreign policy of rebuilding alliances and opening doors long closed.     

以人为本是科学发展观的应有之义

20世纪末叶,中国的社会发展理论实现了由单纯追求物质财富的经济增长到“以人为中心的综合发展观”的历史转变,而这一追求,在邓小平理论中也有着十分鲜明而集中的体现。邓小平结合中国发展的实际,突出了发展的以人为本理念,使以人为本成为发展观的应有之义。当前科学发展观的践行,亦应坚持以人为本的精神。     

试析外资公平公正待遇标准

与国民待遇和最惠国待遇这些相对标准不同，公平公正待遇是东道国给予外资的绝对待遇标准。然而该标准的含义在理论和实践中存在广泛的争议。由于多数公平公正待遇条款并未提及国际法，不应以偏概全地将公平公正待遇视为习惯国际法中的标准，而应将其视作独立的条约条款，根据《维也纳条约法公约》进行解释。     

第六届海商法国际研讨会综述

整理归纳了第六届海商法国际研讨会讨论的最新研究成果。会议按照海上货物运输、油污及海上安全、海上保险、香港海事法律制度、物流、诉讼与仲裁和船舶相关法律问题七个专题分别展开,共同致力于海事法律制度的发展和完善。     

用弓形虫代谢分泌抗原制备间接血凝诊断试剂的研究

用弓形虫代谢分泌抗原 (E/SA)致敏绵羊红细胞制备间接血凝诊断试剂 ,进行人和动物弓形虫病血清抗体检测 ,并用弓形虫虫体抗原致敏的红细胞间接血凝诊断试剂进行对照试验。结果表明 ,在弓形虫阴性、阳性血清检测中 ,弓形虫E/SA间接血凝诊断试剂与弓形虫虫体抗原间接血凝诊断试剂的符合率为 10 0 % ;在人工感染兔血的检测中 ,E/SA致敏的间接血凝诊断试剂比虫体抗原致敏的间接血凝诊断试剂的阳性检出时间提前 2d ,显示弓形虫E/SA间接血凝诊断试剂具有早期诊断和生前诊断的应用价值     

用平安建设推进和谐安徽建设

和谐社会离不开平安建设这块基石.当前,社会矛盾多样,如果不能妥善处理,将严重影响社会的和谐.立足安徽本土现状,通过对各类群体性事件、信访案件的分析,提出一系列相关的应对原则,是探寻平安建设体制、构建和谐安徽的重要途径.     

市民卡在人行道违停案件自助处理系统中的应用研究——以杭州市为例

2009年2月12日,杭州市政府召开有关市民卡公车改革应用领域拓展专题会议,为公车改革创造良好的配套环境,确定利用市民卡缴纳城管违法停车罚款是配套环境中的一项重要的应用.