全文获取类型
收费全文 | 409篇 |
免费 | 23篇 |
专业分类
各国政治 | 14篇 |
工人农民 | 28篇 |
世界政治 | 69篇 |
外交国际关系 | 22篇 |
法律 | 137篇 |
中国政治 | 3篇 |
政治理论 | 159篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 9篇 |
2022年 | 3篇 |
2021年 | 7篇 |
2020年 | 16篇 |
2019年 | 10篇 |
2018年 | 18篇 |
2017年 | 28篇 |
2016年 | 16篇 |
2015年 | 4篇 |
2014年 | 12篇 |
2013年 | 54篇 |
2012年 | 11篇 |
2011年 | 9篇 |
2010年 | 12篇 |
2009年 | 11篇 |
2008年 | 18篇 |
2007年 | 20篇 |
2006年 | 11篇 |
2005年 | 17篇 |
2004年 | 16篇 |
2003年 | 10篇 |
2002年 | 8篇 |
2001年 | 12篇 |
2000年 | 10篇 |
1999年 | 3篇 |
1998年 | 6篇 |
1997年 | 4篇 |
1996年 | 3篇 |
1995年 | 4篇 |
1994年 | 3篇 |
1993年 | 4篇 |
1992年 | 3篇 |
1990年 | 4篇 |
1988年 | 7篇 |
1987年 | 4篇 |
1986年 | 3篇 |
1985年 | 5篇 |
1984年 | 3篇 |
1983年 | 5篇 |
1982年 | 4篇 |
1981年 | 4篇 |
1979年 | 2篇 |
1977年 | 3篇 |
1975年 | 1篇 |
1974年 | 1篇 |
1973年 | 3篇 |
1970年 | 2篇 |
1969年 | 1篇 |
1968年 | 2篇 |
1967年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有432条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
Several recent studies show European university scientists contributing far more frequently to company-owned patented inventions
than they do to patents owned by universities or by the academic scientists themselves. Recognising the significance of this
channel for direct commercialisation of European academic research makes it important to understand its response to current
Bayh-Dole inspired reforms of university patenting rights. This paper studies the contribution from university scientists
to inventions patented by dedicated biotech firms (DBFs) specialised in drug discovery in Denmark and Sweden, which in this
respect share a number of structural and historic characteristics. It examines effects of the Danish Law on University Patenting
(LUP) effective January 2000, which transferred to the employer university rights to patents on inventions made by Danish
university scientists alone or as participants in collaborative research with industry. Sweden so far has left property rights
with academic scientists, as they also were in Denmark prior to the reform. Consequently, comparison of Danish and Swedish
research collaboration before and after LUP offers a quasi-controlled experiment, bringing out effects on joint research of
university IPR reform. In original data on all 3,640 inventor contributions behind the 1,087 patents filed by Danish and Swedish
DBFs 1990–2004, Difference-in-Difference regressions uncover notable LUP-induced effects in the form of significant reductions
in contributions from Danish domestic academic inventors, combined with a simultaneous substitutive increase of non-Danish
academic inventors. A moderate increase in academic inventions channelled into university owned-patents does appear after
LUP. But the larger part of the inventive potential of academia, previously mobilised into company-owned patents, seems to
have been rendered inactive as a result of the reform. As a likely explanation of these effects the paper suggests that exploratory
research, the typical target of joint university-DBF projects in drug discovery, fits poorly into LUP’s requirement for ex
ante allocation of IPR. The Pre-LUP convention of IPR allocated to the industrial partner in return for research funding and
publication rights to the academic partner may have offered more effective contracting for this type of research. There are
indications that LUP, outside the exploratory agenda of drug discovery, offers a more productive framework for inventions
requiring less complicated and uncertain post-discovery R&D.
相似文献
Finn ValentinEmail: |
56.
Vertus Saint‐Louis Ph.D. Jensen O. Auguste B.S. Bruce A. Jackson Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2012,57(6):1457-1466
Abstract: Very little genetic data exist on Haitians, an estimated 1.2 million of whom, not including illegal immigrants, reside in the United States. The absence of genetic data on a population of this size reduces the discriminatory power of criminal and missing‐person DNA databases in the United States and Caribbean. We present a forensic population study that provides the first genetic data set for Haiti. This study uses hypervariable segment one (HVS‐1) mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) nucleotide sequences from 291 subjects primarily from rural areas of northern and southern Haiti, where admixture would be minimal. Our results showed that the African maternal genetic component of Haitians had slightly higher West‐Central African admixture than African‐Americans and Dominicans, but considerably less than Afro‐Brazilians. These results lay the foundation for further forensic genetics studies in the Haitian population and serve as a model for forensic mtDNA identification of individuals in other isolated or rural communities. 相似文献
57.
Matthew DeMichele Nathan C. Lowe Brian K. Payne 《American Journal of Criminal Justice》2014,39(2):292-314
The purpose of this paper is to use criminological theories to explain chronic drunk driving. There is little criminological research explaining recidivist drunk driving with criminological theories. Instead, most researchers posit that repeat drunk driving is explained as a byproduct of substance abuse. Although substance abuse is likely correlated to chronic drunk driving, theoretical explanations need to go further to understand a broader set of social and psychological predictors. Factor analysis and linear regression techniques are used to estimate the relationship between items from two assessment instruments with a number of drunken driving offenses. The sample consists of nearly 3,500 individuals on probation and parole in a Southwestern state. The findings support our contention that criminological frameworks are helpful to understand chronic DUI. We found significant results for volatility, antisocial friends, teenage deviance, and negative views of the law, while controlling for age, gender, marital status, and race. DUIs are a serious problem for the criminal justice system and understanding the individual level correlates of repetitive DUI is crucial for policy development. Further, chronic DUI offers criminologists an opportunity to determine the ability of criminological theories to explain this type of behavior. 相似文献
58.
59.
AbstractLiterature on organizational turnaround has frequently suggested, but rarely investigated, the possibility that turnaround strategies for failing organizations must be matched to the specific needs of the organization. Building on work related to causes of decline in private sector literature, this study offers a framework for matching strategic interventions to the current state of an organization’s functioning in terms of resources (material and human), coordination (horizontal and vertical), and the environment. Using a panel dataset of New York City schools, we find that two understandings of turnaround that often appear mutually exclusive—that an organization can improve performance by shoring up weaknesses and that an organization should play to its current strengths—can complement each other and may both appropriately describe different types of organizational challenges. 相似文献
60.
Georg Wenzelburger Carsten Jensen Seonghui Lee Christoph Arndt 《West European politics》2020,43(6):1285-1314
AbstractBuilding on studies on the political business cycle, the literature on welfare state retrenchment has argued that governments which cut the welfare state try to avoid blame by implementing painful measures in the beginning of the mandate and expanding benefits as elections approach. In contrast to this linear relationship, this article argues that governments often feel pressured to fulfil (mostly expansionary) campaign promises during the first months in office. Consequently, cutting right away is not what should be expected. Instead, a more nuanced, U-shaped timing trajectory is probable with a period in the beginning characterised by both cuts and fulfilment of expansionary pledges, followed by a period of cutbacks, and finally an expansive phase towards the end of a mandate. This argument is tested on our new original dataset of legislative changes in five European countries – Britain, Denmark, Finland, France and Germany – during the last four decades. 相似文献