Unemployment and crime: the role of apprehension

An increase in the unemployment rate decreases the opportunity cost of crime and increases the crime rate according to standard microeconomics models. However, a large body of empirical research has shown that an increase in unemployment may increase or decrease crime. By incorporating the return to crime into standard economic models, this paper shows that an increase in unemployment, as in recessions, decreases the opportunity cost of crime and the return to crime as well. As a result, the effect of unemployment on crime is ambiguous and depends on the apprehension rate. An increase in the unemployment rate tends to decrease the crime rate at lower apprehension rates, but to increase it at higher apprehension rates. An increase in the generosity of unemployment insurance benefits does not necessarily reduce the crime rate, and the effect of more generous unemployment insurance on crime depends again on the apprehension rate.     

互联网新型不正当竞争行为司法规制面临的挑战与完善

伴随信息通信技术与数字数据技术的快速发展和深度融合,互联网领域的竞争业态和方式已由传统低科技的产品零售竞争步入以平台经济、数据经济为核心的生态型竞争,用户与流量成为互联网企业的竞争之本,数据和算法及其运行技术成为互联网平台企业及其创新商业模式。