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211.
Social science research and the courts have begun to recognize the special challenges posed by “high‐conflict” separations for children and the justice system. The use of “high conflict” terminology by social science researchers and the courts has increased dramatically over the past decade. This is an important development, but the term is often used vaguely and to characterize very different types of cases. An analysis of Canadian case law reveals that some judges are starting to differentiate between various degrees and types of high conflict. Often this judicial differentiation is implicit and occurs without full articulation of the factors that are taken into account in applying different remedies. There is a need for the development of more refined, explicit analytical concepts for the identification and differentiation of various types of high conflict cases. Empirically driven social science research can assist mental health professionals, lawyers and the courts in better understanding these cases and providing the most appropriate interventions. As a tentative scheme for differentiating cases, we propose distinguishing between high conflict cases where there is: (1) poor communication; (2) domestic violence; and (3) alienation. Further, there must be a differentiation between cases where one parent is a primary instigator for the conflict or abuse, and those where both parents bear significant responsibility. 相似文献
212.
Nicholas M. Odhiambo 《Economic Change and Restructuring》2010,43(3):205-219
In this paper we examine the dynamic causal relationship between financial development, investment and economic growth in
South Africa—using the newly developed ARDL-Bounds testing procedure. Unlike the majority of the previous studies, we incorporate
investment in the bivariate model between financial development and economic growth—thereby creating a simple trivariate causality
model. In addition, we use three proxies of financial development, namely M2/GDP, the ratio of private sector credit to GDP
and the ratio of liquid liabilities to GDP in order to test the robustness of the results. Our results show that, on the whole,
economic growth has a formidable influence on the financial sector development. The study also finds that there is a distinct
unidirectional causal flow from economic growth to investment. Moreover, the study also finds that investment, which results
from growth, Granger-causes financial development. The study, therefore, recommends that South Africa should intensify its
pro-growth policies in order to bolster investment and financial development. 相似文献
213.
The European Commission's eJustice Strategy seems to contemplate that all lawyers will be issued with an ‘identity card’ card, perhaps intended to include a key for making digital signatures. The Council of Bars and Law Societies of Europe (CCBE) is proposing to introduce such a card. The purpose of this article is to clarify what ‘identity’ is and what is involved in verifying it, and to offer some general observations about identity cards. Although written with the eJustice proposals in mind, nevertheless the purpose of this article is to address the topic in its widest sense, which means it affects identity and its verification, whatever the circumstances. 相似文献
214.
Since the publication of analyses suggesting the significant impact on youth homicide of the Boston “pulling levers” intervention,
a series of studies of similar strategies have indicated promise in reducing homicide and gun assaults. One of these studies
was an assessment of a pulling levers strategy in Indianapolis, where trend analyses indicated a significant reduction in
homicide following the intervention, while six other similar Midwestern cities did not experience a significant decline in
homicide. We re-assess the results of the Indianapolis study by disaggregating the offenses into gang- and non-gang homicides.
Given that the pulling levers program focused on influencing gangs and networks of chronic offenders, the impact of the intervention
should be more apparent for gang homicides than for non-gang homicides. Alternatively, should the impact be similar for non-gang
homicides, then it is more likely that the downward trend would be caused by unmeasured external forces. Coefficient-difference
tests relying on estimates obtained from autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) time–series models indicate that
gang homicides declined significantly more than did non-gang homicides following the Indianapolis intervention. These findings
suggest ‘something happened’ to gang homicides that did not happen to non-gang homicides, which adds further support that
the pulling levers initiative was the driving force behind the overall reduction in homicide in Indianapolis.
Nicholas Corsaro is an assistant professor in the Center for the Study of Crime, Delinquency, and Corrections at Southern Illinois University-Carbondale (SIUC). Prior to joining SIUC, he completed his Ph.D. at Michigan State University in 2007. Corsaro’s research interests include strategic approaches to reducing crime, ecological criminology, program evaluation, and quantitative statistical techniques. Recent articles have appeared in Victims and Offenders and Justice Quarterly. Edmund McGarrell is professor and director of the School of Criminal Justice at Michigan State University. McGarrell’s research interests are in communities and crime, with particular emphasis on the studying of problem solving responses to gun, gang, and drug market crime and violence. Recent articles have appeared in Justice Quarterly, Policing, Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, and the Journal of Criminal Justice. 相似文献
Nicholas CorsaroEmail: |
Nicholas Corsaro is an assistant professor in the Center for the Study of Crime, Delinquency, and Corrections at Southern Illinois University-Carbondale (SIUC). Prior to joining SIUC, he completed his Ph.D. at Michigan State University in 2007. Corsaro’s research interests include strategic approaches to reducing crime, ecological criminology, program evaluation, and quantitative statistical techniques. Recent articles have appeared in Victims and Offenders and Justice Quarterly. Edmund McGarrell is professor and director of the School of Criminal Justice at Michigan State University. McGarrell’s research interests are in communities and crime, with particular emphasis on the studying of problem solving responses to gun, gang, and drug market crime and violence. Recent articles have appeared in Justice Quarterly, Policing, Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, and the Journal of Criminal Justice. 相似文献
215.
The goal of this paper is to discuss scientific integrity, consumerism, conflicts of interest, and transparency within the context of forensic science. Forensic scientists play crucial roles within the legal system and are constantly under various pressures when performing analytical work, generating reports based on their analyses, or testifying to the content of these reports. Maintaining the scientific integrity of these actions is paramount to supporting a functional legal system and the practice of good science. Our goal is to discuss the importance of scientific integrity as well as the factors it may compromise, so that forensic practitioners may be better equipped to recognize and avoid conflicts of interest when they arise. In this discussion we define terms, concepts, and professional relationships as well as present three case studies to contextualize these ideas. 相似文献
216.
Abstract: Estimation of living stature has obvious utility in the identification process. Typically, anthropologists estimate stature from the measurement of long bone length. This type of analysis is traditionally conducted on skeletonized or badly decomposed remains, so collection of the necessary bone measurements is relatively simple. As the role of anthropologists expands into medical examiner offices and mass fatality incidents, the analysis of fleshed bodies and body parts is a more common scenario. For stature estimation in these types of cases (e.g., analysis of body portions recovered from an aircraft crash site or from intentional dismemberment), the presence of soft tissue on the human remains would usually necessitate dissection to expose skeletal elements to derive metric data for stature estimation. In order to circumvent this step, this paper provides various formulae that allow for standard anthropometric (i.e., soft tissue) measurements to be used in place of skeletal measurements. Data were compiled from several anthropometric studies (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey [NHANES] and U.S. Army Anthropometric Survey [ANSUR]) and numerous regression models are presented. Results are compared between skeletal measurements and the anthropometric measurements from each study. It was found that the ANSUR models are similar to the skeletal models, while the NHANES models exhibit weaker correlation coefficients and higher standard errors. Overall, this study finds that stature estimates derived from anthropometric data provide good results and remove the necessity for dissection when working with fleshed body portions. 相似文献
217.
Nicholas Dorn 《Crime, Law and Social Change》2009,51(2):283-295
So much has been written—and vigorously contested—about ‘organised crime’ (OC) that the impending fall of this familiar icon
may come as a shock, both to its detractors and to those who take it for granted. Yet that moment may be upon us, for reasons
that this paper will explore, as the European Union shifts the vocabulary within which policies on police cooperation are
articulated. A pivot of this change is the EU Council Decision on Europol, first debated by the Council in late 2006 and anticipated
as applying from 2010 onwards. This will shift the scope of Europol’s work from ‘organised crime’ (attributing qualities to
criminality) to ‘serious crime’ (concern with impacts and harms falling on individual and collective victims); will transfer
financing of Europol to the Community budget; and so will initiate parliamentary scrutiny. These issues in security governance
are explored from ‘northern’, ‘southern’ and ‘eastern’ European perspectives and in the contexts of ongoing enlargement and
democratisation of the EU.
相似文献
Nicholas DornEmail: |
218.
Nicholas Thoburn 《International Journal of Politics, Culture, and Society》2016,29(4):367-381
This article investigates the place of social relations in Deleuze and Guattari’s figure of ‘cramped space’, a figure integral to their ‘minor politics’. Against social and political theories that seek the source of political practice in a collective identity, the theory of cramped space contends that politics arises among those who lack and refuse coherent identity, in their encounter with the impasses, limits, or impossibilities of individual and collective subjectivity. Cramped space, as Deleuze puts it, is a condition where ‘the people are missing’. This is not, however, a condition of asocial isolation, but one full of social relations; the loss of identity is a condition comprised only of social relations. The ramifications of this thesis are here explored through Marx’s critique of citizenship, the socio-historical conjuncture of cramped space in relation to the ‘communization’ problematic, and the Palestinian mediator of sumud. 相似文献
219.
Alexander Nicholas Shaw 《Intelligence & National Security》2017,32(6):797-816
From 1946–1963, MI5 operated a South-East Asian regional headquarters in Singapore: Security Intelligence Far East (SIFE). This article responds to growing interest in theatre-level intelligence organisation and the importance of intelligence to Britain’s Cold War and decolonisation by examining the performance of SIFE. On the organisational level, SIFE was strongest when it remained wedded to its charter functions and closely adhered to the priorities of its principal consumer: the Commissioner-General for South-East Asia. Its assessments were influential in shaping decision-makers’ understandings of key regional developments, although this did not always translate into public policy. Lastly, SIFE enjoyed success in developing lasting liaison relationships to cement British influence, but failed to utilise these to improve its intake of raw intelligence. 相似文献
220.