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991.
Jon R. Sorensen Mark D. Cunningham Mark P. Vigen S.O. Woods 《Journal of criminal justice》2011,39(2):499
Objective
The current study sought to illuminate the patterns associated with serious inmate-on-staff assaults, as well as the characteristics of perpetrators and victims.Material and methods
This study examined 79 assaults on prison staff requiring more than first aid treatment, perpetrated by 96 inmates, in a large state correctional department during a 14-month period (September 1, 2007 through October 31, 2008).Results
These assaults were both infrequent (53 per 100,000 inmates annually) and progressively more infrequent as the severity increased (hospitalization for non-life threatening injury or required reconstructive surgery = 2.2 per 100,000 inmates annually; hospitalization for life-threatening injury = 0.5 per 100,000 inmates annually). Among staff victims, Black and female correctional officers were underrepresented. Inmate perpetrators who were younger, Black, prison gang members, and/or serving sentences for violent offenses were disproportionately represented among assailants.Conclusions
The low overall rate of serious staff assaults attests to the level of professionalism and training in modern corrections departments. Nonetheless, situational factors uncovered in the current analysis suggest that particular circumstances increase the likelihood of staff assaults, hence the need for continued training and vigilance on the part of correctional staff that come in direct contact with inmates. 相似文献992.
Erin O’Brien 《Crime, Law and Social Change》2011,56(5):547-565
Over the last decade, researchers and legislators have struggled to get an accurate picture of the scale and nature of the
problem of human trafficking. In the absence of reliable data, some anti-prostitution activists have asserted that a causal
relationship exists between legalised prostitution and human trafficking. They claim that systems of legalised or decriminalised
prostitution lead to increases in trafficking into the sex industry. This paper critically analyses attempts to substantiate
this claim during the development of anti-trafficking policy in Australia and the United States. These attempts are explored
within the context of persistent challenges in measuring the scale and nature of human trafficking. The efforts of abolitionist
campaigners to use statistical evidence and logical argumentation are analysed, with a specific focus on the characterisation
of demand for sexual services and systems of legalised prostitution as ‘pull’ factors fuelling an increase in sex trafficking.
The extent to which policymakers sought to introduce evidence-based policy is also explored. 相似文献
993.
Much has been made about the lack of economic education among the public at large, yet little has been said about the limited education of Members of Congress. This paper examines the economic education levels of Members of Congress voting on the 2007 increase in the minimum wage. Controlling for a variety of characteristics of members and constituents, this study finds that members who majored in economics as undergraduates were less likely to vote for the minimum wage increase than their colleagues. No other major had a consistent influence. A large number of statistical specifications confirm the robustness of the finding. 相似文献
994.
Janine O’Flynn Sue Vardon Anna Yeatman Lyn Carson 《Australian Journal of Public Administration》2011,70(3):309-317
It is a long held tradition of the Academy of the Social Sciences in Australia (ASSA) to invite speakers to address the Fellow's Colloquium as part of the annual symposium, with an aim to spark discussion and debate on a controversial and contemporary topic. In 2010 the debate was focused on the question of whether there had been a degradation of the professional capacity of the Australian Public Service (APS) with regard to effective policy development and implementation. The contributions of each of the four panel members are reproduced here, in part, and they reflect the diverse perspectives which informed a robust and compelling debate. Janine O'Flynn, the editor of these contributions, argues that any claim of degradation is based on rumour rather than hard evidence, and she sets out how we might think about policy capacity from a public sector management perspective. Sue Vardon, the former CEO of Centrelink and the architect of a transformation change program which redefined the delivery of public services in Australia, reflects on the strengths of the APS, but points out the current stresses that it now finds itself under. Anna Yeatman, an expert in political theory and its application to citizenship and public policy, argues that in the last twenty years we have witnessed degradation in the work of government and that this has impacted on policy capacity. Lyn Carson, an expert in deliberative democracy, points to the unrealised capacity that could come from increasing citizen involvement. Policy capacity is degraded, she argues, because we have systems that are neither deliberative nor representative. Individually these contributions spark their own controversies; together they ask us to consider the question in different ways. 相似文献
995.
Madeleine O. Hosli Rebecca Moody Bryan O��Donovan Serguei Kaniovski Anna C. H. Little 《The Review of International Organizations》2011,6(2):163-187
Changing the composition and voting system of the Security Council, in an effort to increase the institution’s global legitimacy,
is proving to be one of the most difficult hurdles to overcome for the global community of states represented in the United
Nations (UN). This paper demonstrates that due to institutional hurdles, it is considerably more difficult today than it was
in the early years of the UN to reach a winning coalition in the General Assembly to secure Security Council reform. In addition,
the paper analyzes the effects that adapted patterns of voting, as prescribed by recent reform proposals, would have on the
distribution of power among UN member states in the Security Council and on the probability that this institution can form
a winning coalition, i.e., reach decisions. Our power and decision capacity computations are based on (modified) Penrose-Banzhaf-Coleman
measures. 相似文献
996.
Hartman D Drummer O Eckhoff C Scheffer JW Stringer P 《Forensic science international》2011,205(1-3):52-58
As part of the disaster victim identification (DVI) response to the 2009 Victorian bushfires disaster, a number of scientific disciplines contributed to the human identification process--forensic pathology, anthropology and odontology, as well as fingerprinting and DNA profiling. The DNA laboratory received 182 post-mortem (PM) samples from 120 DVI cases and 236 reference samples corresponding to 163 missing persons (and two non-DVI cases). DNA analysis yielded full DNA profiles for 102 DVI cases and 190 ante-mortem (AM) samples (relating to all 163 missing persons), respectively. Subsequent comparison of DNA profiles, through direct and kinship matching, resulted in the submission of 76 DNA reports to the DVI Reconciliation Centre which assisted in the identification of 67 deceased. This paper describes the contribution of DNA analysis towards the DVI response to the 2009 Victorian bushfires disaster. 相似文献
997.
A 33-year old hobby pyrotechnician sustained a lethal craniofacial trauma secondary to a salute fireworks blast. He was examining a misfire of a self-constructed salute gun, when it detonated, causing an explosively rupture of his forehead, which led to his immediate death. An autopsy was performed to achieve knowledge of the injury and to be able to reconstruct the events that lead to it. The pressure effect of the explosion caused a shredded rupture of the forehead with a regional spread of brain tissue and small polygonal skull fragments up to 30m from the detonation site. Furthermore multiple cinderlike fragments of black powder were embedded in the skin of the face and the anterior aspect of the neck (s.c. blast tattoo). The complete destruction of the forehead in combination with the multiple blast tattooing suggested that the explosion detonated while he was leaning over the device. 相似文献
998.
W Romão BD Sabino MI Bueno BG Vaz AC Júnior AO Maldaner EV de Castro RA Lordeiro CC Nascentes MN Eberlin R Augusti 《Journal of forensic sciences》2012,57(5):1307-1312
Normally, the identification of the LSD drug is performed by forensic laboratories, using the Ehrlich spot test. However, this is a nonspecific analysis. Additionally, the Brazilian Federal Police has identified the presence of a new compound in seized blotters: 9,10-dihydro-LSD, an uncontrolled substance. In this work, easy ambient sonic-spray ionization mass spectrometry in the positive ion mode, EASI(+)-MS, was used to characterize LSD and 9,10-dihydro-LSD compositions directly from the surface of blotters. The presence of LSD in the seized blotter samples were also confirmed via high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detector. In a set of 41 blotters analyzed by EASI(+)-MS, 28 showed positive results for LSD, seven for 9,10-dihydro-LSD, and another six samples showed negative results for both LSD and 9,10-dihydro-LSD. The combination of thin layer chromatography with EASI-MS also demonstrated to be a relatively simple and powerful screening tool for forensic analysis of street drugs. 相似文献
999.
Muradiye Nacak M.D. Aysun B. Isir M.D. Sibel O. Balci Ph.D. Sacide Pehlivan Ph.D. Necla Benlier M.D. Sukru Aynacioglu M.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2012,57(6):1621-1624
Abstract: The gene encoding the dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) has been suggested as a candidate gene for substance dependence. In this study, the possible association between Taq1A and Taq1B DRD2 polymorphisms and cannabinoid dependence was investigated. One hundred and twelve cannabinoid addicted and 130 healthy control subjects were included in this study. The Taq1A and Taq1B genotypes were determined in all subjects by polymerase chain reaction. For each polymorphism (A or B), the subjects were categorized into three groups according to their genotype, that is, the subjects with alleles A1/A1, A1/A2, A2/A2; B1/B1, B1/B2, and B2/B2. A significant association was found between Taq1A gene polymorphism and cannabinoid addicts compared to the control subjects. This finding suggests that polymorphism of the Taq1A, but not the Taq1B, may be associated with the susceptibility to cannabinoid dependence. Further clinical studies are required to be carried out for confirmation and evaluation of these findings. 相似文献
1000.
Bisharian MS Romodanovskiĭ PO Oganesian OM Barinov EKh 《Sudebno-meditsinskaia ekspertiza》2012,55(3):12-14
This paper reports the results of investigations carried out to elucidate the frequency and the structure of various forms of abnormalities of dentition among the children of the preschool and school age in the Republic of Armenia. These data may be of help for the forensic medical personality identification especially for the expertise of unrecognized corpses. Moreover, these data provide an indirect picture of the prevalence of abnormalities of dentition among the adult population of the country. Specifically they may sometimes be used to identify the ethnic and/or racial background of a person. 相似文献