全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1036篇 |
免费 | 59篇 |
专业分类
各国政治 | 62篇 |
工人农民 | 45篇 |
世界政治 | 65篇 |
外交国际关系 | 80篇 |
法律 | 440篇 |
中国政治 | 13篇 |
政治理论 | 377篇 |
综合类 | 13篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 10篇 |
2022年 | 5篇 |
2021年 | 8篇 |
2020年 | 29篇 |
2019年 | 28篇 |
2018年 | 36篇 |
2017年 | 40篇 |
2016年 | 52篇 |
2015年 | 31篇 |
2014年 | 41篇 |
2013年 | 143篇 |
2012年 | 41篇 |
2011年 | 38篇 |
2010年 | 32篇 |
2009年 | 37篇 |
2008年 | 28篇 |
2007年 | 29篇 |
2006年 | 44篇 |
2005年 | 43篇 |
2004年 | 31篇 |
2003年 | 39篇 |
2002年 | 36篇 |
2001年 | 24篇 |
2000年 | 19篇 |
1999年 | 14篇 |
1998年 | 17篇 |
1997年 | 22篇 |
1996年 | 4篇 |
1995年 | 11篇 |
1994年 | 6篇 |
1993年 | 15篇 |
1992年 | 4篇 |
1991年 | 8篇 |
1990年 | 12篇 |
1989年 | 11篇 |
1988年 | 8篇 |
1987年 | 5篇 |
1986年 | 9篇 |
1985年 | 13篇 |
1983年 | 5篇 |
1981年 | 6篇 |
1980年 | 7篇 |
1979年 | 7篇 |
1978年 | 8篇 |
1977年 | 6篇 |
1976年 | 3篇 |
1975年 | 4篇 |
1974年 | 6篇 |
1973年 | 6篇 |
1972年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有1095条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
161.
162.
Patrick Hein 《East Asia》2010,27(3):289-311
It is argued that parliamentary legislation in Japan has become the almost exclusive playing field of the bureaucracy, who
acts on behalf of the executive, and party councils. Moreover bureaucrats bypass the legislative Diet process by making rules
themselves. This is problematic because it is the lawmakers who are directly held accountable by voters for the enacted legislation
risking to be eventually voted out of office. It is suggested that under the given circumstances of strict party discipline,
drafting of bills by the bureaucracy and endorsement by party councils, the formal majority rule alone is not sufficient to
justify legislative outcomes. The legitimacy factor is introduced to verify in how far individual lawmakers are enabled to
initiate and draft floor bills by themselves, discuss bill contents in plenary deliberations and get the public opinion involved.
The article attempts to demonstrate that bipartisan floor bills reflect the quest for parliamentary legitimacy and equality
among lawmakers across party boundaries. It is suggested that the more legislators participate in drafting and discussing
a bill the more legitimate the outcome becomes. The paper screens to this effect several bipartisan bills submitted to the
Diet of Japan. Bills such as the NPO law, the law to ratify the Rome Statute for the accession to the ICC, the law to prevent
suicide and the law to implement internet filters to protect children are the result of cooperation among lawmakers trying
to constrain the interference of the executive or of the powerful bureaucracy. The participation of non-parliamentary agents
taking an active part in the legislative process has enhanced the dynamics of representative democracy as well. In the decades
of radical ideological confrontation in the 1950s, 60s, and 70s the majority rule risked to become an instrument of coercion.
The opposition was compelled to resort to anti-parliamentary obstructionist tactics to derail majority legislation that was
rammed through parliament without sufficient plenary deliberation and without taking into account the concerns or viewpoints
of the minority. Obstructionism decreased with the LDP co-optation of opposition parties to government responsibility in the
1990s. Opposition for the sake of opposition (communists, DPJ until 2006) and governing for the sake of governing (SDPJ, Komei)
have not been honored by the voters. After 2007 the DPJ started to refocus its policies more on ideological differentiation
and managed to beat the LDP in the 2009 elections. Recently the work of the Diet has been increasingly put under the scrutiny
of international NGOs and legislatures abroad. The unresolved controversial comfort women issue suggests that omission to
pass appropriate and timely reconciliatory legislation can cause a serious loss of parliamentary institutional esteem and
respect. 相似文献
163.
East Asia - War reconciliation and cultures of memory themes continue to receive high attention but despite the long list of newly released books praising Germany which has been thought to be more... 相似文献
164.
Citizenship, Security, Humanity 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
165.
Dannielle McKenna Hannah Murphy Christopher Rosenbrier Amii Soulsby Alicia Lyall Patrick Keown 《The journal of forensic psychiatry & psychology》2019,30(2):301-321
There is growing interest in the health correlates of people detained in police custody, and a number of innovations have been introduced to try to meet the complex needs of detainees. The implementation of Criminal Justice Liaison and Diversion (CJL&D) Services commissioned by the Department of Health in England is a substantial part of this investment. In this paper, we describe data from 858 detainees who were referred to the CJL&D service of a busy metropolitan police station in the North East of England. The detainees referred to the service had complex mental health needs, substance misuse and a range of vulnerabilities requiring specific intervention. The effective operation of these teams and how they interface with health and criminal justice systems also depend upon a number of systematic issues that emanate both from within the teams, and from external policy drivers. 相似文献
166.
Recently, a sample containing cyclopropylfentanyl was analyzed at this laboratory. Cyclopropylfentanyl began to appear in the United States' illicit drug markets in 2017. Unfortunately, cyclopropylfentanyl presents an analytical challenge due to its mass spectrum being almost identical to that of crotonylfentanyl. There are two possible isomers of crotonylfentanyl, Z- and E- crotonylfentanyl. In order to provide sufficient analytical data to distinguish the two isomers of crotonylfentanyl and cyclopropylfentanyl, crotonylfentanyl was synthesized and fully characterized. Each isomer was analyzed via nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. During the synthesis of crotonylfentanyl, an unknown compound was formed. The identification of this compound and the analytical characterization of the two isomers of crotonylfentanyl are presented. Through the comparison of these compounds, it was confirmed that cyclopropylfentanyl can be differentiated from crotonylfentanyl. 相似文献
167.
168.
Patrick M. Seffrin 《Justice Quarterly》2017,34(4):652-673
Sexually active men, who are not in a monogamous relationship, may be at a greater risk for violence than men who are sexually active within monogamous relationships and men who are not sexually active. The current study examines changes in sexual behavior and violence in adolescence to early adulthood. Data on male (n = 4,597) and female (n = 5,523) respondents were drawn from four waves of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent and Adult Health (Add Health). HLM regression models indicate that men who transition to a monogamous, or less competitive, mode of sexual behavior (fewer partners since last wave), reduce their risk for violence. The same results were not replicated for females. Further, results were not accounted for by marital status or other more readily accepted explanations of violence. Findings suggest that competition for sex be further examined as a potential cause of male violence. 相似文献
169.
We describe an infant with an acute subdural hematoma, a fatal head injury, and severe hemorrhagic retinopathy caused by a stairway fall. His cerebral and ocular findings are considered diagnostic of abusive head trauma by many authors. Our literature search of serious injuries or fatalities from stairway or low-height falls involving young children yielded 19 articles of primary data. These articles are discrepant, making the classification of a young child's death following a reported short fall problematic. This case report contradicts the prevalent belief of many physicians dealing with suspected child abuse that low-height falls by young children are without exception benign occurrences and cannot cause fatal intracranial injuries and severe retinal hemorrhages. The irreparable harm to a caregiver facing an erroneous allegation of child abuse requires physicians to thoroughly investigate and correctly classify pediatric accidental head injuries. 相似文献
170.
Suicide by burning is an extreme act that is uncommon in the United States and throughout the Western world. The characteristics of people who complete such acts are not well understood. To address this issue, we examined the death records of the King County Medical Examiner's Office in Washington State over the 13 years from 1996 to 2009. Twenty-five cases of suicide by burning were identified and used to characterize decedent demographics, circumstances of death, and motivating factors. Compared to other methods of suicide, burning demonstrated a significant overrepresentation of decedents who were women, 40-59 years of age, and Asian/Pacific Islander. They also tended to have previous psychiatric illness and/or substance abuse issues. Self-burning predominantly occurred at the decedent's residence with the intent of suicide given. There was no unifying theme in motivating factors. Together, these data represent the characteristics of people whose death is because of suicide by burning in King County, Washington. 相似文献