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221.
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Fernando Casal Bértoa 《West European politics》2017,40(2):402-429
No matter the region of the world under study, party (system) institutionalisation has been traditionally considered to be a necessary, but not sufficient, condition for the survival of democracy. Despite being one of the most quoted statements in the democratisation literature, the few studies looking at the relationship between institutionalisation and democratic endurance have found no evidence of the ‘almost magical’ powers of the former. This article revisits the abovementioned research question by making use of an original dataset covering all European democracies between 1848 and 2014. The main findings are threefold: (1) it is not the institutionalisation of political parties but the institutionalisation of party systems as a whole that has fostered the prospects for democratic survival in Europe; (2) there is a threshold of systemic institutionalisation which, once reached, will avoid democratic collapse; and (3) systemic over-institutionalisation does not seem to be so perilous for the survival of democracy. 相似文献
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Goran Arbanas Ph.D. Paula Marinović M.D. Nadica Buzina Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2020,65(6):2042-2049
Studies on differences between individuals convicted of sexual offences and nonsexual offences are sparse and there is an on-going debate as to whether sexual offenders differ from other offenders. The primary aim of this study was to determine demographic characteristics, prevalence of mental disorders, alcohol and drug use at the time of the crime and the criminal responsibility of individuals charged with sexual offences, compared to nonsexual crimes, with the aim of bringing awareness to the similarities and differences between men charged with sex offences and those charged with other crimes. This is a single-institution retrospective study of subjects charged with sexual offences and sent for institutional psychiatric evaluation to a Forensic Psychiatric Centre in an urban, academic, tertiary-care center. The control group consisted of individuals charged with nonsexual offences referred to the same center. Results showed significant differences between individuals charged with sexual offences and nonsexual offences. Men charged with sex offences more frequently committed their crimes alone and victimized children equally as often as adults. They also less frequently pleaded guilty in court. They were more likely to be abused in childhood and more often had antisocial personality disorder and paraphilias and less often substance-related disorders. The majority were considered criminally responsible. Our results show that sex offenders are different from nonsex offenders in many characteristics of their personal history, offence characteristics and forensic evaluations and these particular differences warrant different approaches to the prevention of future re-offending, compared to nonsex offenders. 相似文献
225.
Michael Windle Nancy Brener Paula Cuccaro Patricia Dittus David E. Kanouse Nancy Murray Jan Wallander Mark A. Schuster 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2010,39(6):594-606
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the invariance of predictive relations across early-adolescent sex and ethnic groups regarding parenting factors and externalizing and internalizing problems and victimization. Data (n = 598; 54% female) from a triethnic (Hispanic, non-Hispanic white, and non-Hispanic black) probability sample of fifth graders collected from three sites (Birmingham, AL, Houston, TX, and Los Angeles, CA) were used in the analyses. Simultaneous group structural equation modeling supported the invariance of parenting-early adolescent outcomes across sex and ethnic groups. Parental monitoring and parental norms were relatively robust predictors of early-adolescent externalizing problems and victimization, and to a lesser extent, of internalizing problems. A maternal nurturance by parental monitoring interaction was statistically significant for all outcome behaviors, indicating that higher monitoring in conjunction with higher maternal nurturance was associated with lower levels of early-adolescent problem behaviors. The findings suggest that core parenting factors such as nurturance, monitoring, and normative expectations for early adolescent problem behaviors may serve as a foundation for parenting components of multi-component intervention studies. 相似文献
226.
Christine Levesque Marie-France Lafontaine Jean-François Bureau Paula Cloutier Cathy Dandurand 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2010,39(5):474-483
Several theoretical models for non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) have been proposed. Despite an abundance of theoretical speculation,
few empirical studies have examined the impact of intimate relationship functioning on NSSI. The present study examines the
influence of romantic attachment and received intimate partner violence (physical, psychological and sexual) on recent reports
of NSSI behaviors and thoughts. The sample was composed of 537 (79.9% female) primarily Caucasian university students between
the ages of 18 and 25 years and currently involved in a romantic relationship. The results reveal that anxiety over abandonment
was a significant predictor of NSSI thoughts and behaviors in women and a significant predictor of NSSI thoughts in men. Moreover,
the experience of intimate partner violence emerged as a significant predictor of NSSI behaviors in both men and women. Continued
empirical investigations into the influence of intimate relationship functioning on NSSI will facilitate the development of
psychological interventions for young adults dealing with self-harm. 相似文献
227.
Paula Cloutier Jodi Martin Allison Kennedy Mary K. Nixon Jennifer J. Muehlenkamp 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2010,39(3):259-269
During the potentially tumultuous adolescent period, non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and suicide attempts are relatively common,
particularly amongst youth who present to mental health services. These phenomena frequently co-occur but their relationship
is unclear. This study evaluated clinical data from 468 youth between the ages of 12 and 17 years (63.5% female) to determine
the incidence of NSSI 24 h prior to presentation at emergency crisis services, evaluated the overlap between NSSI and suicide
attempt, and examined the characteristics of different types of self-harm. Half of the adolescents presenting to emergency
crisis services had self-harmed within the previous 24 h, with most of these (91%) classified as NSSI only. The percentage
of youth with a suicide attempt was 5% and the co-occurrence of these two behaviours was 4%. Group differences in depressive
symptoms, suicidal ideation and impulsivity were identified, with the co-occurring NSSI and suicide attempt group presenting
with the highest level of psychopathology. This study underscores the necessity of assessing suicidal ideation and NSSI in
all youth presenting to mental health services. 相似文献
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Trevor Stamper Ph.D. ; Paula Davis B.S. ; Ronald W. DeBry Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2009,54(6):1450-1452
Abstract: The behavioral patterns of nocturnal oviposition represent a window of time that potentially has a large impact on postmortem interval estimations. We investigated the behavioral patterns of carrion flies at night by exposing euthanized rats between sunset and sunrise to see if carrion flies oviposited upon the carrion over two consecutive summers. We investigated urban and rural locations, in both lit and unlit conditions with n = 125. We found that nocturnal ovipositing did not occur in the Cincinnati metropolitan area. We conclude that nocturnal oviposition is an unlikely event in the Cincinnati metropolitan area. 相似文献
230.