Sovereignty Negotiations and Gibraltar's Military Facilities: How Two "Red-Line" Issues Became Three

The Brussels Agreement signed between Britain and Spain in 1984 aimed to resolve all aspects of the dispute over Gibraltar, including sovereignty, which dated back to the Treaty of Utrecht of 1713. Desultory progress was made in negotiations until 2001, when the British Government decided to attempt to negotiate a joint sovereignty agreement. From the outset two non-negotiable ('red-line') issues on Britain's part were established: the agreement must be permanent, and it must be subject to a referendum in Gibraltar. As the negotiations progressed, a third 'red-line' issue emerged: Britain insisted on retaining control of Gibraltar's military facilities. The article explores how this third issue emerged and the possible reasons why it did so following 9/11.     

Compulsive traits and police officer performance

As a general rule, pathologies tend to impair job performance. In a study involving performance criteria and the Personality Assessment Inventory in a sample of Louisiana police officers (N=800), OCD characteristics correlated significantly in a negative direction with several performance criteria, such as involvement in an on-duty or off-duty at fault moving violation, number of on-duty or off-duty at fault moving violations, any citizen complaints regarding unprofessional conduct, number of unprofessional conduct, and accusation in any way of racially offensive conduct, behavior, verbalization, or complaints. It has been found that the traits of obsessive-compulsive disorder, in moderation, may actually improve performance in police officers. This agrees with the Yerkes-Dodson law, which states that peak performance occurs when a person experiences mild to moderate levels of stress. Authors' Note: Emily DeCoster-Martin was an undergraduate psychology major at The University of Evansville at the time this paper was written. William U. Weiss, Ph.D., is a professor in the Department of Psychology, The University of Evansville, 1800 Lincoln Av., Evansville, IN 47722. Robert D. Davis, Ph.D., is executive vice-president and director of science, research, and development for Matrix, Inc., Baton Rouge, Louisiana. Cary Rostow, Ph.D. is president of Matrix, Inc.     

Susan Smith and Her Children: A Reasoning Dialectic

Human judgment and decision making has been demonstrated by several contemporary researchers to be comprised of both rational and emotive/intuitive cognitive systems; a single decision can involve both rational thinking and intuition. In the present article, a narrative approach is utilized to analyze the Susan Smith case, and this is interlaced with contemporary decision theory in an attempt to more fully understand the seemingly nonrational act (murder/attempted suicide) committed by Susan Smith in October, 1994. The ethical, legal and social implications of using an approach of this nature are discussed.     

The coalition of the willing: Effect of country diversity in an environmental treaty game

It is analyzed how size differences among countries affect the benefits from climate coalitions. It is shown that size differences lead to smaller coalitions and greater benefits than coalitions among identical countries. The importance of trigger strategies for supporting cooperative solutions is considered. A real world example, based on the world’s six largest emitters, is used to illustrate the implications of size differences in terms of emissions versus valuations of benefits. Climate coalitions become smaller when ranking in terms of benefits is different from ranking in terms of emissions. Three cases of benefit valuations are considered: benefits equal (i) share in world emissions, (ii) share in world GDP, and (iii) share of world population.     

Verjährung und Treu und Glauben

Eine gegen Treu und Glauben versto?ende Berufung auf den Ablauf der Verj?hrungsfrist liegt vor, wenn die Fristvers?umnis auf ein Verhalten des Gegners zurückgeht. Erforderlich ist ein Verhalten des Anspruchsgegners, durch das der Anspruchsberechtigte veranlasst wurde, seine Forderung nicht fristgerecht geltend zu machen; dabei genügt es, wenn der Gl?ubiger nach objektiven Ma?st?ben der Auffassung sein konnte, sein Anspruch werde befriedigt oder nur mit sachlichen Einwendungen bek?mpft. Bei pflichtwidriger Anlageberatung kann der Gesch?digte den Vertrauensschaden verlangen.     

Transcending borders: the sea as realm of memory

Asia Europe Journal - In this joint paper, ‘Transcending Borders: The Sea as Realm of Memory’, we shall discuss issues of regional integration by applying the concept of realm of memory...     

Analysis on the impact of the “Dilution Theory” on ruling of trademark cases

Chinese trademark law has established the cross-category protection system of well-known trademarks based on the confusion theory. The system, however, has many problems in practice and does not fulfill completely the needs for protecting well-known trademarks. Consequently, when hearing trademark cases, some judges have abandoned the confusion theory instead of using the dilution theory in judging well-known trademarks. Through analysis on 100 judgments concerning well-known trademark cases, it can be seen that the influence of the dilution theory on the ruling of trademark cases is increasing. Certain conditions should first be satisfied when introducing the dilution theory to rule trademark cases: Firstly, the contents of the dilution theory shall be grasped as correctly as possible to avoid plausible understanding; secondly, the application of the dilution theory shall adopt the existing institutional criteria as much as possible by full use of the leeway of interpretation provided by the existing system.