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271.
Armstrong EJ Jenkins AJ Sebrosky GF Balraj EK 《The American journal of forensic medicine and pathology》2004,25(4):338-341
An unusual fatality secondary to oxycodone in a child is reported. A 2-year-old female child was conveyed to a local hospital after exhibiting signs of rubbing of the mouth and staggering. A hospital toxicological immunoassay screen for drugs of abuse and tricyclic antidepressants was performed on a urine sample and reported as negative. She was discharged and found unresponsive the next morning. She was conveyed to a second hospital in full cardiopulmonary arrest and despite resuscitative efforts, was pronounced dead upon arrival. An autopsy was performed and postmortem specimens were submitted and screened for drugs using mainly chromatographic techniques. Quantitation was achieved by gas chromatography with nitrogen phosphorus detection. Confirmation was performed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Oxycodone was the only drug detected in the following concentrations: heart blood, 1.36 mg/L; gastric contents, 7.33 mg in 33 mL (222.34 mg/L); liver, 0.2 mg/kg; and urine, 47.23 mg/L (47,230 ng/mL). In addition, immunoassay testing of the urine was positive for the opiate class of drugs. This case report demonstrates an unusual cause of death in a young child with emphasis on potential limitation in hospital urine screening tests and the importance of complete forensic toxicological testing in all child deaths. 相似文献
272.
Szentmariay IF Laszik A Sotonyi P 《The American journal of forensic medicine and pathology》2004,25(4):324-326
A 70-year-old male patient with a 23-year-old history of right lower lung lobectomy for primary pulmonary adenocarcinoma (T1 N0 M0) presented with recurrent bronchopneumonia and purulent sputum. Pleural callus, lung abscess, bronchopleural fistula, and stitch granulomas were confirmed by chest x-ray, computed tomography scan, and bronchoscopy in the background of his complaints. An attempt to remove the bronchial purulent discharge and tissue sampling was made by using a flexible bronchoscope. The area of the lower trachea suddenly became clogged during bronchoscopic removal of the suspected piece of tissue (which later turned out to be organizing surgical gauze). The resuscitation following ventricular fibrillation failed to save the patient's life. The forensic postmortem examination confirmed the position of the foreign body extending from the abscess cavity, crossing the midline at carina and obstructing the lower trachea. This foreign body was a remnant of the surgical gauze left behind during a thoracic surgery 23 years ago. 相似文献
273.
274.
Balogh MK Burger J Bender K Schneider PM Alt KW 《Forensic science international》2003,137(2-3):188-195
A systematic study was conducted to investigate whether DNA can be successfully extracted from latent fingerprints deposited on ordinary paper and analysed using short tandem repeat profiling and mitochondrial DNA sequencing. In order to evaluate the performance of latent fingerprint analysis in a criminal case, experiments with varying conditions were carried out to improve our understanding of low copy number (LCN) DNA typing. After optimising the extraction methods to achieve increased sensitivity, the examination of touched paper can routinely yield the STR profile of the individual who has touched it. A fingerprint can therefore be considered as a potential source of DNA for genetic identification. Nevertheless, the findings of our "after enhancement experiment" (using chemically or physically pre-treated fingerprints), and our "mixture experiment" (using fingerprints from three to four people on the same sheet of paper) help to define the limitations of the low copy number PCR technique in forensic casework. 相似文献
275.
The aim of the study was to test the hypothesis that polymerase slippage correlates to the length of repeat stretches consisting of uniform repeats against the alternative hypothesis that the total number of repeats is most relevant. Two short tetrameric short tandem repeats (STRs) with different repeat structures were investigated: D3S1545 containing only homogeneous (GATA)n repeat stretches and D7S1517 with compound repeat arrays of GAAA and CAAA repeats. Additionally two different polymerases (Herculase and AmpliTaq Gold) were used which gave comparable results. No correlation was found for the hypothesis "total repeat number against percent of stutter"; in contrast, the other hypothesis that the number of uniform repeats is relevant for the degree of stutter gave a strong positive correlation (0.82 for selected D7S1517 alleles) which confirmed the hypothesis that polymerase slippage correlates to the length of repeat stretches consisting of uniform repeats. 相似文献
276.
Henk Elffers Peter van der Heijden Merlijn Hezemans 《Journal of Quantitative Criminology》2003,19(4):409-439
Within a rational choice framework, secondary data analysis of a survey study on compliance with two Dutch regulatory laws is carried out. Selection of explanatory variables to be considered is guided by a heuristic device, called the Table-of-Eleven. Using adapted logistic regression analysis, we show that self-reported compliance, measured by means of a randomized response procedure, can be explained in terms of benefits of non-compliance, social norms and deterrence, while knowledge and general norm-conformity have no role to play. The impact of various contributing factors turns out to be rather different in size for the two laws. 相似文献
277.
Doble P Sandercock M Du Pasquier E Petocz P Roux C Dawson M 《Forensic science international》2003,132(1):26-39
Detection and correct classification of gasoline is important for both arson and fuel spill investigation. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to classify premium and regular gasolines from gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) spectral data obtained from gasoline sold in Canada over one calendar year. Depending upon the dataset used for training and tests, around 80-93% of the samples were correctly classified as either premium or regular gasoline using the Mahalanobis distances calculated from the principal components scores. Only 48-62% of the samples were correctly classified when the premium and regular gasoline samples were divided further into their winter/summer sub-groups. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) were trained to recognise premium and regular gasolines from the same GC-MS data. The best-performing ANN correctly identified all samples as either a premium or regular grade. Approximately 97% of the premium and regular samples were correctly classified according to their winter or summer sub-group. 相似文献
278.
Schmidt P Schmolke C Musshoff F Menzen M Prohaska C Madea B 《Forensic science international》2003,133(3):204-211
In animal experiments and in cell culture, chronic morphine treatment has been followed by "up-regulation" as well as "down-regulation" of the mu-opioid receptor (OR) number. The present postmortem morphometric study of morphine-related fatalities of drug-addicts (n=13, 20-35 years old, with blood unconjugated morphine levels from 27.1 ng/ml to 458 ng/ml, m.v. 198.5 ng/ml) versus a non-addicted control group (n=13, 10-44 years old) was intended to examine, whether chronic opiate exposure affects the numerical density of mu-OR expressing neurons in the human neocortex (areas 11, 24 and 25 according to Brodmann). For the immunohistochemical procedure, vibratome sections (100 microm) were incubated with a monoclonal antibody against the mu-OR, diluted 1:100, and immunolabelled sites were visualized using an immunoperoxidase protocol. The numerical densities of OR immunoreactive neuronal profiles and Nissl-stained central profiles were assessed morphometrically (camera lucida-drawings). In both groups, the anti-mu-OR-immunoreactivity was mainly localized in pyramidal neurons of layers (L) II/III and V and in multiform neurons of L VI. In the areas 24 and 25, the density of the immunoreactive neuronal profiles did not display a significant difference between the two examined groups. In the area 11, however, the number of immunolabelled neuronal profiles amounted to 2777+/-206 mm(3) in the drug-related fatalities and to 2320+/-124 mm(3) in the control group and thus was significantly increased. 相似文献
279.
195 cases of homicide, grouped according to juridical assessment, were retrospectively analysed with regard to individual characteristics of perpetrators and victims, circumstances, and mode of commitment. The involvement of underage victims and perpetrators as well as differences between the urban and rural areas studied were taken into special consideration. To summarise, the majority of the offences studied was carried out by a male perpetrator with a mean age of 35 years driven by personal motives or greed in his immediate vicinity and affected family members or close acquaintances. The fatal injuries were mainly attributable to sharp or blunt force. With regard to killings of children, a higher prevalence of female victims and male assailants, emotional motives and an even higher importance of the social vicinity were found. Particularly in victims younger 12 years of age, manual modes of commitment without application of any tools were predominantly encountered. The comparison of urban and rural areas revealed a higher homicide rate in municipal areas especially of offences with a loose relationship between victims and assailants (greed, sexual assault). In contrast, rural areas exhibited higher rates of bodily harm with fatal consequences as well as offences by highly intoxicated assailants. 相似文献
280.
A method was developed to screen for pepper spray residue using instruments and methods other than those techniques commonly employed to analyze chemical residue (i.e.. gas chromatography mass spectrometry-GCMS or liquid chromatography mass spectrometry-LCMS). The method employed gas chromatography (GC), thin layer chromatography (TLC), and diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) to screen for dried pepper spray stains. Pepper sprays from nine different manufacturers were investigated. Capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin were identified and unique IR reflectance spectra are presented. An additional five compounds were presumptively found. Results showed that a particular stain could be characterized as a pepper-based stain. 相似文献