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941.
Peter Bußjäger 《Juristische Bl?tter》2010,132(5):273-283
Das Lissabonurteil des deutschen Bundesverfassungsgerichts hat gro?e Aufmerksamkeit erzeugt, die keineswegs auf Deutschland
beschr?nkt blieb. Der vorliegende Beitrag geht der Frage nach, ob die vom Bundesverfassungsgericht gezogenen Schlussfolgerungen
auch die Rechtslage in ?sterreich tangieren. Insbesondere stellt sich die Frage, ob eine allf?llige Gesamt?nderung der Bundesverfassung
durch den Vertrag von Lissabon neu zu diskutieren w?re. Schlie?lich behandelt der Beitrag auch die Frage, ob der Vertrag von
Lissabon zwingend eine ?nderung der parlamentarischen Mitwirkungsrechte in ?sterreich erfordert. 相似文献
942.
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944.
Peter Fritzsche 《Terrorism and Political Violence》2013,25(4):466-481
In Italy and in the German Federal Republic rebel movements occurred in political cultures where the burden of Fascism shapes patterns of perceptions and orientations. The movements are seen as particularly threatening and this elicits a very aggressive response. On the other hand, the movement in its turn interprets this response as a residue of the Fascist past or as a correspondingly aggressive manner. This configuration creates a special escalation dynamic. German and Italian Fascism differed fundamentally and that difference is also displayed in the struggles which began two decades after Fascism was destroyed. 相似文献
945.
946.
Bruce D. Fitzgerald 《冲突和恐怖主义研究》2013,36(3-4):347-362
Extortionate terrorism is the threatened use of terrorist acts to gain concessions from the victim. In this article, game theory is used to seek answers to the following questions: (a) When will people resort to extortionate terrorism? (b) When will extortionate terrorism succeed and when will it fail? (c) What constitutes an “optimal” threat, i.e., what bribes, extortion, ransom, or payoff should be asked in exchange for which hostages or property? (d) When should unsuccessful threats be carried out and when should they be abandoned? (e) How should a victim choose among potential responses to specific terrorist threats and to the general problem of terrorism? Two different game theoretic models of terrorism are examined— one using ordinal preferences, the other von Neumann‐Mor‐genstern utilities. Terrorism is considered not simply as isolated incidents; institutions are potential victims of repeated terrorism. The terrorist and the victim, in formulating a response to each incident, are guided not only by present gains and losses, but by the effect their response has on others’ perception of their credibility and resolve—two long‐run variables. 相似文献
947.
Peter Alan Sproat 《Terrorism and Political Violence》2013,25(1):124-132
France has had a long history of struggle with various forms of terrorism and over the past decade has achieved particular success against Algerian Islamic terrorist groups – the GIA and GSPC – with close links to Al-Qaeda. This article reviews France's experience of terrorism since the end of the Second World War and details the evolving state responses to these challenges and the sophisticated anti-terrorist apparatus that now serves the French state. It then considers the role of France in the post-11 September ‘war on terrorism’ and argues that France remains in the front-line of the struggle against Al-Qaeda and that the French experience has much to contribute to the international war against Islamic terrorism. 相似文献
948.
Peter Jaffey 《The Modern law review》2000,63(6):918-928
Book reviewed in this article:
Andrew Burrows, Understanding the Law of Obligations: Essays on Contract,Tort and Restitution 相似文献
Andrew Burrows, Understanding the Law of Obligations: Essays on Contract,Tort and Restitution 相似文献
949.
Peter James 《政治学》1996,16(1):23-29
The German federal election in October 1994, just four years after German Unity, revealed that clear divisions between east and west Germany still exist. Whilst the PDS on the left of the political spectrum was supported by around one fifth of east German voters, the parties on the right gained negligible support in Germany as a whole. The federal German electoral system, based on a personalised sytem of PR, again played a key role; it is, however still too early in the development of the new Germany to speak of a single new party system. 相似文献
950.