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161.
Heidi E. Grunwald Brian Lockwood Philip W. Harris Jeremy Mennis 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2010,39(9):1067-1079
This study examined the effects of neighborhood context on juvenile recidivism to determine if neighborhoods influence the
likelihood of reoffending. Although a large body of literature exists regarding the impact of environmental factors on delinquency,
very little is known about the effects of these factors on juvenile recidivism. The sample analyzed includes 7,061 delinquent
male juveniles committed to community-based programs in Philadelphia, of which 74% are Black, 13% Hispanic, and 11% White.
Since sample youths were nested in neighborhoods, a hierarchical generalized linear model was employed to predict recidivism
across three general categories of recidivism offenses: drug, violent, and property. Results indicate that predictors vary
across the types of offenses and that drug offending differs from property and violent offending. Neighborhood-level factors
were found to influence drug offense recidivism, but were not significant predictors of violent offenses, property offenses,
or an aggregated recidivism measure, despite contrary expectations. Implications stemming from the finding that neighborhood
context influences only juvenile drug recidivism are discussed. 相似文献
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Much economic policy is deliberately shifted away from direct political processes to administrative processes—political pressure deflection. Pressure deflection poses a puzzle to standard political economy models which suggest that having policies to ‘sell’ is valuable to politicians. The puzzle is solved here by showing that incumbents will favor pressure deflection since it can deter viability of a challenger, essentially like entry deterrence. U.S. trade policy since 1934 provides a prime example, especially antidumping law and its evolution. 相似文献
164.
The riskiness of state employee pension plan portfolios varies across states. We investigate whether this variation is related to how public employees and taxpayers share actuarial surpluses of pension accounts. We focus on two determinants of a plan’s asset mix: the relative influence of public employees to taxpayers; and whether a surplus-sharing contract is specified. Our theoretical model demonstrates that the effect of public employee influence on the asset mix is ambiguous. Our empirical results corroborate this complex theoretical result. In our theoretical and empirical analyses, if a surplus sharing rule is specified, plans adopt a more aggressive investment allocation. 相似文献
165.
Revisiting Adjusted ADA Scores for the U.S. Congress, 1947-2007 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
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In this note, new data concerning the agrarian structure of Bangladesh are employed to test the efficacy of ceilings on the size of landholdings as a means of making land available to the landless and the near landless. The data confirm that the numbers of potential claimants for land far exceeds the potential supply, even if ceilings on holdings were lowered from 100 standard bighas (331/3 acres) to 25 standard bighas (81/3 acres). 相似文献
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