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171.
172.
George Philip 《Democratization》2013,20(4):74-92
This discussion considers why democracy has not so far led to the creation of impartial, honest and effective state institutions in Mexico, Venezuela and Peru. The explanation offered is essentially historical‐institutional. Non‐impartial (that is, biased) types of governance have a tendency to reproduce themselves over time due to the advantages that they offer to the powerful. However this observation, while true, does not explain why democracy has not done more to bring about the rule of law. The research focuses on Mexico, Peru and Venezuela because these are all cases in which democracy has failed spectacularly to discipline political competition within a framework of law. The Mexico's ruling Institutional Revolutionary Party maintains significant popular support despite conclusive evidence of previous ballot rigging, and continuing evidence of large‐scale corruption. Peru's Fujimori was re‐elected as president in 1995 despite previously using force to close the national Congress. Venezuela's Chavez convincingly won presidential elections in 1998, only six years after leading a coup attempt against an elected government. 相似文献
173.
174.
Allele frequencies of 10 STR loci in Koreans 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Allele frequencies for the 10 STR loci, D6S1043, D9S925, D7S821, D4S2368, D21S2055, GATA193A07, D12S391, D10S2326, D15S822 and D18S51 were obtained from a sample of 217-310 unrelated Koreans. In this study, 2 out of the 10 loci did not meet Hardy-Weinberg expectation. The combined probability of identity for 10 loci tested was 4.93 x 10(-14). 相似文献
175.
This Note is intended to stand as a short supplement to thecompelling article by Stefan Vogenauer entitled, A Retreatfrom Pepper v Hart? A Reply to Lord Steyn published inthe Journal at the end of 2005.1 In his article, Professor Vogenauercalls in question the argument advanced by Lord Steyn in hisarticle in the Journal, entitled Pepper v Hart: A Re-examination.2In that article, Lord Steyn called for a retreat from the decisionof the House of Lords in Pepper v Hart3 concerning the circumstancesin which reference may be made to Hansard as an aid to statutoryconstruction and for a reinterpretation of the decision in linewith a theory that a Minister speaking in Parliament who givesan explanation of the meaning or effect of a clause in a Billshould be taken to create a binding legitimate expectation thatthe executive will apply the provision, once enacted, in thatsense. In this Note, I express my agreement with Professor Vogenauersargument, and seek to support it with some additional pointsunder three heads: (1) the proper interpretation of Pepper vHart and its status as authority; (2) the basis in principlefor adhering to that interpretation; and (3) conceptual difficultiesattached to Lord Steyns legitimate expectation thesis. 相似文献
176.
Public Choice - Under quadratic voting people are able to buy votes with money. The claims that rational voters will make efficient electoral choices rest on assumptions about how voters acquire... 相似文献
177.
178.
Our contribution to the expanding literature on the globalization of research and innovation is to investigate the extent
to which sector-specific developments in an emerging technology (such as increasing interdisciplinarity and complexity) affect
inventive activities developed abroad. We look at how technological diversity and scientific excellence of host countries
in the field of nanotechnology affect the development of inventive activities by US multinational companies (MNCs). We identify
the most active US-based MNCs in nanotechnology-related patenting and examine location decisions of these companies and their
international subsidiaries. Econometric results confirm our hypothesis that the technological breadth of host countries positively
influences the expected number of inventions developed abroad by US MNCs. Science capabilities of countries also have a positive
impact on the decision to invent abroad, while the influence of market specific factors is less clear. We interpret these
results as suggesting that host country science capabilities are important to attract innovative activities by MNCs, but as
the interdisciplinary and convergent nature of nanotechnology evolves, access to a broadly diversified knowledge base becomes
important in increasing the relative attractiveness of host locations.
相似文献
Philip ShapiraEmail: |
179.
Philip T. Grier 《International Journal for the Semiotics of Law》2009,22(1):61-68
Semioticians traditionally honor Russian linguistics of the early 20th century, and study Jakobson, Vinogradov, Vinokur or the early Trubetzkoy. They do, however, seldom consider
Russian philosophers of the same period. Gustav Shpet is an important representative of Russian philosophers in discussion with Hegel, Neo-Kantian
thinkers and contemporaries in Russia and abroad, among them Edmund Husserl, originator of transcendental phenomenology. Shpet
introduced Husserl’s phenomenology in Russia and expanded those ideas in his 1914 Appearance and Sense. A triangle “Hegel—Husserl—semiotics” emerged where Shpet emphasized the concept of discourse in phenomenology: a philosophical
challenge to modern semiotics.
Significant portions of the material in this paper were originally prepared for publication in a chapter contributed to the
volume A History of Russian Philosophy, 1830–1930, ed. Gary Hamburg and Randall Poole (Cambridge University Press, forthcoming), and are used here in a different context with
the kind permission of that publisher.
相似文献
Philip T. GrierEmail: |
180.
Sarah J. Benson Christopher J. Lennard Philip Maynard David M. Hill Anita S. Andrew Claude Roux 《Science & justice》2009,49(2):81-86
The application of isotopic techniques to investigations requiring the provision of evidence to a Court is limited. The objective of this research was to investigate the application of light stable isotopes and isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) to solve complex forensic cases by providing a level of discrimination not achievable utilising traditional forensic techniques.Due to the current threat of organic peroxide explosives, such as triacetone triperoxide (TATP), research was undertaken to determine the potential of IRMS to differentiate samples of TATP that had been manufactured utilising different starting materials and/or manufacturing processes. In addition, due to the prevalence of pentaerythritoltetranitrate (PETN) in detonators, detonating cord, and boosters, the potential of the IRMS technique to differentiate PETN samples from different sources was also investigated.Carbon isotope values were measured in fourteen TATP samples, with three definite groups appearing in the initial sample set based on the carbon data alone. Four additional TATP samples (in a second set of samples) were distinguishable utilising the carbon and hydrogen isotopic compositions individually, and also in combination with the oxygen isotope values. The 3D plot of the carbon, oxygen and hydrogen data demonstrated the clear discrimination of the four samples of TATP. The carbon and nitrogen isotope values measured from fifteen PETN samples, allowed samples from different sources to be readily discriminated.This paper demonstrates the successful application of IRMS to the analysis of explosives of forensic interest to assist in discriminating samples from different sources. This research represents a preliminary evaluation of the IRMS technique for the measurement of stable isotope values in TATP and PETN samples, and supports the dedication of resources for a full evaluation of this application in order to achieve Court reportable IRMS results. 相似文献