Correction to: Construing the Written Warranty

Liverpool Law Review -     

Regional economic regimes and the environment: stronger institutional design is weakening environmental policy capacity of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation

International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics - International environmental governance by global and, especially, regional regimes is gaining attention in both political...     

Quantitative evaluation of europium in blue ballpoint pen inks/offset printing inks tagged with europium thenoyltrifluoroacetonate by spectrofluorometry and ICP-AES

Tagging of writing/printing inks with suitable inorganic taggants such as rare-earth chelates has the potential to help document examiners identify fraud in sensitive written/printed documents. Selection of rare-earth chelates as taggants primarily depends on the satisfactory sensitivity of analytical determination and the absence of the taggants in normal varieties of inks used for document writing/printing. Spectrofluorometric determination of trace amounts of europium in blue ballpoint pen inks and offset printing inks tagged with europium thenoyltrifluoroacetonate was carried out with sodium tungstate solution. Sodium tungstate acts as a specific reagent that enhances the fluorescence intensity of the Eu3+ ion. The excitation and emission wavelengths are 270 nm and 605 nm respectively. The results were compared with the data obtained with ICP-AES. Satisfactory recoveries were observed with precision better than 5% RSD and comparable accuracy. Under the optimized experimental conditions, detection limits and quantitation limits were determined. The detection limits obtained by spectrofluorometry and ICP-AES were 0.01 microg/mL and 0.006 microg/mL respectively whereas the limits of quantitation were about 0.03 microg/mL and 0.018 microg/mL respectively. The spectrofluorometric method is rapid, selective, sensitive and accurate for the determination of europium in blue ballpoint pen ink and offset printing inks and may be suitable for application in the examination of sensitive documents to aid in document related crime investigation. The advantages and limitations of the tagging approach and proposed analytical techniques are discussed.     

Getting Ready for Day One: Taking Advantage of the Opportunities and Minimizing the Hazards of a Presidential Transition

Presidential transitions make a difference to the quality of the start a chief executive has coming into office. With formal presidential transitions a reality since 1952, we have sufficient experience to identify some of the elements of an effective transition. This article focuses on how a president-elect can minimize the hazards and take advantage of the opportunities transitions offer. Opportunities and hazards can be found in the actions and commitments candidates take during their presidential campaigns, the information they gather on past transitions and on the actions of the incumbent president, the coordination they do with those in the Washington community, and their capacity to identify and take advantage of the early goodwill that exists when a new president comes into office.     

Distinguishing the real from the surreal in management reform: suggestions for beleaguered administrators in the government of Canada

Abstract: The authors believe that management reform initiatives can be jeopardized by the government‐wide application of idealized management frameworks. They suggest that, according to what they call “the law of mandated utopias,” the resultant management requirements become surreal in the eyes of departmental managers. The authors explore the ethical and practical dilemmas caused by the conflict between a public servant's duty to comply with centrally imposed requirements and the duty to manage people and public monies in a sensible way. The recent management improvement initiatives in the Government of Canada are used to demonstrate the practical limitations of the conceptual frameworks associated with performance measurement, performance audit, modern comptrollership, and human resources development. Suggestions are offered on how to improve management in departments while dealing with the surreal requirements generated by government‐wide reforms based on utopian frameworks. Sommaire: Les auteurs estiment que l'application de cadres de gestion purement théoriques, à l'échelle de l'appareil gouvememental, pourrait compromettre les initiatives de reforme de la gestion. Ils sont d'avis que, sous les effets de ce qu'ils appellent la «loi des utopies imposées», les exigences que les gestionnaires de ministeres sont tenus de prendre en compte peuvent leur paraitre surrkalistes. Les auteurs analysent les dilemmes concrets et déontologiques que pose l'obligation faite aux gestionnaires de se conformer aux exigences des organismes centraux tout en gerant des fonction‐naires et des fonds publics de façon judicieuse. Les initiatives actuelles d'amelioration de la gestion au gouvemement du Canada permettent de constater les limites concrètes des cadres conceptuels liés a la mesure et vérification du rendement, a la modernisation de la fonction de contrôleur et à la modemisation des ressources humaines. Les auteurs formulent, à l'intention des équipes de direction, des suggestions pour améliorer la gestion au sein de leurs ministères tout en faisant face aux exigences surréalistes engendrees par des réformes inspirkes par des cadres utopistes à l'echelle de l'appareil gouvernemental.     

United Nations peace process as a peacemaking and human rights exercise. Lessons from conflict resolution in Sierra Leone

The United Nations peace process in Sierra Leone is one of the most successful initiatives in conflict resolution in the history of the UN. The peace building process has led to sustainable peace in a country located in a highly conflict ridden region in the world. This paper analyzes the peacemaking process to understand the process and its underlying unique features. Placing the events in the context of peacemaking criminology and human rights, it is argued that the UN peacemaking greatly reflects the values advocated by peacemaking criminology, while the goals of the process reflect universal human rights, recognized and promoted by the United Nations Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR).