Constitutional Values of Protecting Human Rights of Disadvantaged Groups

The confrontation between the disadvantaged and advantaged groups is eternal throughout the competition for survival. But the human spiritual world has its humane aspect in addition to competition. The concern for and protection of the disadvantaged group is the moral law characteristic of humanity, just as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights says in its Article 1： ＂All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights.     

区域知识产权自主创新能力与潜力研究——以河北省为例

区域知识产权自主创新是国家知识产权战略的重要组成部分,但目前我国区域知识产权创新还存在着数量少、质量低、创新效率不高等问题。本文以河北省为例,分析了问题的主要原因在于知识产权创新体系不完善,创新意识淡薄,创新激励机制不完善,高层次创新人才不足,创新经费投入强度较低,创新平台的规模、结构不合理等六个方面。提高我国区域知识产权自主创新能力需要营造良好的知识产权创新社会文化环境,建立健全知识产权工作体系,培养和吸引高层次人才,拓宽融资渠道,建设并优化创新平台。     

The coastal zone as an administrative entity for governing U.S. marine minerals development

The coastal zone is being promoted as a spatial unit to coordinate and administer offshore minerals development with other coastal uses. Rather than aiding the administration of minerals development , the coastal zone is being used as the reason to block such development. This paper explores the coastal zone concept as an entity for administration. It concludes that just because minerals may be found in a coastal zone does not mean that physical entity is the most appropriate vehicle for administering mineral development. Arbitrariness at to what is included or excluded from a coastal zone as well as many minerals impacts being found outside of the coastal zone militate against such an entity being the sole criterion for decisionmaking. While the coastal zone may be appropriate for some mineral decisions, the choice to implement it must be arrayed against alternative criteria to ensure a high degree of effectiveness and efficiency in those decisions.     

Public budgeting and financial management curriculum reform: A conceptual framework

Public budgeting and financial management (PBFM) education has been undergoing intense scrutiny which can be seen through many professional conferences, journal symposia, and recently, the creation in 1984 of a Task Force on Budgeting and Financial Management Curriculum Reform by the Section on Budgeting and Financial Management of the American Society for Public Administration. This study analyzes pedagogic deficits in PBFM, suggests a comprehensive scope of PBFM, points to some dilemmas in PBFM curriculum design or reform, proposes some models for a curriculum reform, and raises some implementation constraints in each model.     

美国安全应急体制的改革与启示

作为目前世界上安全应急体制发展最为成熟的国家,美国安全应急体制深受各国政府关注和学者重视。以历史唯物观所强调的社会有机体中生产力、生产关系和上层建筑三者之间的相互联系为依据,为美国安全应急体制设立安全应急环境、安全应急理念和安全应急机制三种变量,并以这三种变量之间的相互作用来分析美国安全应急体制改革历程的内在动力和发展趋势,可以发现,美国安全应急体制是在应对核战争所代表的传统安全威胁、自然灾害所代表的民生安全威胁以及恐怖主义攻击所代表的非传统安全威胁的过程中建立和形成的,这一体制的逐步完善也是其中所涉及的环境、理念和机制等三种变量之间相互作用和影响的结果。其改革发展历程的经验表明,美国安全应急体制能够适应安全环境变化而及时调整安全应急理念,并通过制定相关法律法规和完善组织机构来健全安全应急机制,因而具有积极的借鉴作用。但这一体制的发展往往过度依赖客观环境的推动,也会造成应急管理在主观上的防范疏漏,其中失败的教训也应当加以注意。     

地方政府公共服务供给能力:影响因素与实现路径

公共服务均等化是和谐社会的重要内容,而地方政府公共服务供给能力提升是公共服务均等化目标实现的重要保障。传统观点认为,地方经济或财政实力决定地方政府公共服务供给能力,但是,我们认为公民参与、社会组织、信息沟通、电子政务技术等对地方政府公共服务供给能力提升更具影响力。在公共治理理论框架下,本文分析了影响地方政府公共服务供给能力提升的经济、政治与社会综合因素,并在此基础上,提出了系统提升地方政府公共服务供给能力的实现路径。     

论志愿服务的常态化与可持续发展

作为一种推动人类发展和社会进步的高尚行动,志愿服务是爱心、良知、奉献和人性美的一种展现。志愿服务在弥补政府失灵,促进社会和谐与进步,弘扬人类真善美等方面具有积极的作用。我国的志愿服务事业正处于刚刚起步阶段,面临诸多的问题和发展困境,如参与机制不健全、社会参与面不广、人才流动过快、资金匮乏和不足、相关法律及伦理规范缺失、行政化倾向严重、管理体制与机制不健全、服务网络不完备等,严重影响和制约了志愿服务事业的发展。建立和健全志愿服务的长效发展机制,促进志愿服务的常态化与可持续发展,是我国志愿服务事业健康发展的必然要求和战略需要。     

建构主义视域中的风险及其动态治理——以面粉增白剂的存废为例

风险是未来损失的可能性,具有社会建构的特征,"面粉增白剂"之争验证了建构主义风险理论。在建构主义视域中,风险治理不仅要使风险最小化,还要实现其他的政治和道德目标,并对影响风险的诸多因素进行反思。风险的动态治理,是实现制度动态效率的必然选择。它的有效性以结果为导向,合理性以未来为导向,进而需要不断学习,吸收新思想新观念,并逐步形成一种新的治理文化。     

试论我国深化乡镇管理体制改革的目标

明确当今中国深化乡镇管理体制改革的体制性目标,在当前不仅是乡镇机构改革探索中亟待解答的一个重大而现实的命题,而且是全面深化农村综合改革所要迫切完成的一项基础性与根本性任务,更是新农村建设整体推进的必然诉求。为此,本文提出了我国深化乡镇管理体制改革的基本目标与核心目标之范畴,即重构公共管理体制与公共领导体制。     

基于GEM模型的资源型企业可持续发展障碍因素分析

资源型企业可持续发展对于经济生产和生态保护具有重要意义。本文以GEM模型为分析框架,探讨了我国资源型企业可持续发展的障碍因素;通过进一步对各个因素的理论分析,找出了影响我国资源型企业可持续发展的"瓶颈";最后,针对我国资源型企业可持续发展的现状,提出相应的对策与建议。