Informal helping networks in prison: The shape of grass-roots correctional intervention

Factors related to the delivery of human services to prisoners with problems and crises of adjustment were explored in this study. Emphasis was placed on describing the human service roles played by custodial and treatment staff, particularly among staff members who took it upon themselves to (a) expand their formal organizational roles to include a general mandate to identify and assist inmates with problems, and (b) work cooperatively with similarly motivated staff as more or less stable members of informal helping networks or teams. Interview data were used to reconstruct the parameters of informal helping networks, to identify factors that facilitated or inhibited their development, and to obtain indications of their usefulness in the helping process. The research findings suggest more efficient ways to deploy existing correctional resources in the delivery of human services to prisoners. The study also highlights issues of correctional resource deployment that may bear on the larger problem of cultivating human environments in which rehabilitation or planned change can occur.     

To solve a deadly shortage: economic incentives for human organ donation

In this article Dr. Harris and attorney Alcorn propose the establishment of a governmentally regulated, posthumous organ market, with economic incentives for the donors, in order to increase the supply of transplantable organs. The authors review transplant technology, provide a short history of donation and sale of organs, tissues, and cells, discuss the various legislative approaches that have been made to increase the supply of organs, and analyze the problems with the open market approach. They conclude with a proposal for a regulated posthumous organ market.     

扩大公民有序政治参与的现实意义及路径依赖

扩大公民有序的政治参与是当今中国政治发展面临的重大课题。它是我国经济社会发展的客观要求,是社会主义政治文明的重要体现。扩大公民有序政治参与有利于保障公民的利益诉求、推进民主政治的发展、维护社会政治稳定和体现公共行政的公共性,要不断加强对公民有序政治参与路径的研究。     

政府“大部制”面面观

任何事物都是一分为二的,大部制也不例外。大部制的优点主要有:有利于集中和整合资源,克服部门本位主义;为行政协调开辟了一条新的途径;化解职能交叉、"九龙治水"等矛盾;提高公共服务的效能;加强宏观调控,较为有效地应对现实的社会问题;有利于推动地方政府进行行政改革。但在推行大部制中应注意防范可能存在的负面效应,如:增加部内协调的负荷和难度;部门行政首长与其下属之间存在张力;加大条块矛盾;大部制改革的阻力大,可能使改革流于形式;加剧了机构重叠;盲目合并带来问题等。     

从马克思的财政理论到西方财政政治学的兴起——议会财政权理论的历史性梳理

财政是政府的命脉,财政权是主导国家财政资源配置乃至政治权力配置的关键要素。目前,西方国家议会的财政权已形成一个完备的制度体系,对议会财政权的理论研究也走向更深的层次。本文从阐述马克思的财政理论入手,着重介绍以亚当.斯密为代表的传统学派、以诺思和布坎南为代表的新制度主义学派和公共选择学派对议会财政权问题的论述以及当代以威尔达夫斯基为代表的财政政治学理论的兴起过程,在系统地梳理议会财政权理论历史发展脉络的基础上,阐明其在政治学研究领域的重要地位。     

The relationship between mental illness and violence in a mentally disordered offender sample: evaluating criminogenic and psychopathological predictors

The importance of mental illness as a risk factor for violence has been debated with significant implications for mental health policy and clinical practice. In offender samples, psychopathology tends to be unrelated to recidivism, although some researchers have noted that this relationship may be dependent upon certain moderating factors. In the present, prospective investigation, psychopathology is examined as predictors of recidivism in 121 provincially sentenced (i.e. less than 2 years) mentally disordered offenders. Results indicated that psychopathological predictors were generally poor predictors of recidivism in univariate and multivariate analyses. Consistent with our hypotheses, age of onset of criminal activity was a significant moderating factor on the relationship between mental illness and recidivism, although results were not in the expected direction for certain classes of mental illness. Results are discussed in the context of a social learning model of crime and in terms of the treatment of mentally disordered offenders.     

深化行政改革需要深入思考的三个问题

本文讨论新形势下推进我国行政改革深化涉及的三个重大问题。首先是动力机制创新,在对相关理论、国际实践和我国动力机制特征和困境系统分析的基础上,提出动力机制创新的三个转变。其次,针对有关市场化改革的争论,提出并论证了需要反思的不是市场化改革的大方向,而是市场化的具体形式。第三,围绕改革侧重点,提出并论证了机构改革与运作管理改革的合理平衡。     

国家能力理论视野下的政府危机管理能力

在一国危机总体应对能力的客观存量既定的情况下,要最大程度地释放出国家应对危机的潜能,提升政府危机管理能力,需要政府树立大政府危机管理的理念,充分增加社会自身的危机应对能力和社会与政府之间的协调合作能力。要提升危机管理过程中社会的支持协作能力,又需要国家深入进行积极公民身份意识的教育。