社区发展是社会管理创新与和谐城市建设的重要基础

社区是城市生活的重要组成部分。是人居环境、城市文化、城市人文生态的主要载体。在中国迅速城市化的过程中,传统城市社区受到了重创,新的社区还没有全面建立。党中央提高社会管理的科学化水平的号召,给当代城市管理者提出了一个崭新的命题——关注城市社区的建设和发展。本文梳理了社区的定义,揭示了中国城市化过程中社区被破坏的现实,提出城市治理过程中要注重城市社区的建设和发展,创新社区管理与发展的方式,为科学社会管理、建立和谐城市打下良好的社会基础。     

我国商业银行并购中的政府角色错位与重新定位

商业银行的国有产权性质以及银行并购法律体系不完善等原因,导致我国长期以来出现政府居于主导者地位但却忽视常规审查者、垄断审查者职责等错位现象。而政府角色错位必然产生并购效率低下、削弱优势银行竞争实力等弊端,难以适应经济全球化和我国金融业对外全面开放的新形势。因此,应通过改革银行产权制度和完善银行并购法律体系等途径以淡化政府对银行并购的直接干预,赋予政府在银行并购中监管者和服务者的角色定位,同时合理调整其救济者角色。     

我国近年来反腐败问题研究综述

本文从腐败本质问题界定、腐败行为特征及其成因、腐败测度、反腐败策略四个方面,对我国反腐败问题进行了文献综述。本文提出,腐败是滥用公共权力谋取特殊权利的一切行为。当前我国腐败行为呈现出绝对权力腐败猖獗、从滥用公共权力向滥用公共资源转变、腐败手段更加复杂和隐蔽、灰色腐败倾向明显等新特征。滥用权力的欲望、官员的经济理性、公共权力寻租、行政监督缺位、行政道德失范是腐败产生的主要原因。中国应创新腐败测度方法,科学测度腐败程度,推进反腐国际化。客观权衡腐败零容忍、全面反腐、权力反腐的利弊,综合使用经济处罚、道德教育与法律惩处手段,加强对腐败行为的行政监督。     

重大事项社会稳定风险评估制度的实践与完善

为了从源头上预防和消除各种不稳定因素,保持社会和谐稳定,各级地方政府在重大事项社会稳定风险评估制度建设方面作了不同程度地探索,取得了显著成效。但这一制度在实践探索中存在很多问题,影响了社会稳定风险评估工作的开展。为了更好地推进重大事项社会稳定风险评估工作,需要探讨完善社会稳定风险评估制度的思路和对策。     

地级市财政性社会支出的不均等及其分解——基于回归方程的不均等分解

作为政府提供基本公共服务的基础资源,财政性社会支出的均等化是公共服务均等化的前提。基于2007和2008年地级市数据,本文发现地级市间人均财政性社会支出很不均等,基尼系数为0.336和0.313。计量分析表明,人均财政支出、财政依赖度、城镇化、国有就业比重与人均财政性社会支出正相关。回归方程的不均等分解发现:人均财政支出、城镇化等结构性因素是不均等的促增因素;2007年地区差异是促增因素,而2008年随着中部"福利赶超"而转为促减因素;财政依赖度发挥了首要但有限的均等化效应;国有就业比重在2007促减因素,2008年几乎不发挥影响。研究的政策意涵是中央政府应将体制性改革置于优先位置,而短期内改革财政转移制度、加强财政横向公平有助于促进财政性社会支出的均等化。     

资源型农村的治理困境及出路分析——以山西省为例

文章在梳理新中国60年来煤矿产权制度演变历程的基础上,分析了产权制度对资源型农村治理的影响,认为资源型农村的发展困境根源于两个方面:一是资源产权制度设计不科学造成了不合理的利益格局以及由此形成的矿村关系;二是利益失衡进而导致资源型农村的生存危机和矛盾纠纷,最终造成资源型农村有发展无增长。因此,应通过产权制度改革,调整利益分配格局,实现资源型农村的科学发展。     

Quantification of the amphetamine content in seized street samples by Raman spectroscopy

A Raman spectroscopy method for determining the drug content of street samples of amphetamine was developed by dissolving samples in an acidic solution containing an internal standard (sodium dihydrogen phosphate). The Raman spectra of the samples were measured with a CDD-Raman spectrometer. Two Raman quantification methods were used: (1) relative peak heights of characteristic signals of the amphetamine and the internal standard; and (2) multivariate calibration by partial least squares (PLS) based on second derivative of the spectra. For the determination of the peak height ratio, the spectra were baseline corrected and the peak height ratio (h(amphetamine at 994 cm(-1) )/h(internal standard at 880 cm(-1) )) was calculated. For the PLS analysis, the wave number interval of 1300-630 cm(-1) (348 data points) was chosen. No manual baseline correction was performed, but the spectra were differentiated twice to obtain their second derivatives, which were further analyzed. The Raman results were well in line with validated reference LC results when the Raman samples were analyzed within 2 h after dissolution. The present results clearly show that Raman spectroscopy is a good tool for rapid (acquisition time 1 min) and accurate quantitative analysis of street samples that contain illicit drugs and unknown adulterants and impurities.     

Hot Cognition in Investigative Judgments: The Differential Influence of Anger and Sadness

The authors predicted that the cognitive appraisal tendencies associated with sadness and anger would exert different influences on investigators' crime-related judgments. Supporting evidence was found in an experiment with 61 experienced criminal investigators. First, when judging the reliability of a witness statement, sad participants relied on their perception of both witness and situational variables, whereas angry participants relied only on their perception of witness variables. This corresponds to the emphasis placed on situational and individual control in the appraisals associated with sadness and anger, respectively. Second, when making judgments of the case, sad participants were sensitive to the consistency of a witness statement with the central hypothesis of the investigation, indicating substantive processing, whereas angry participants were unaffected by statement-hypothesis consistency, indicating heuristic processing. The findings suggest that the process of reliability assessment can be better understood by consulting theories of attribution and information processing.     

Zygomaticomaxillary suture shape analyzed with digital morphometrics: reassessing patterns of variation in American Indian and European populations

Typological classification of human zygomaticomaxillary suture (ZMS) shape is often used in forensic assessment of ancestry, following earlier studies reporting higher frequencies of "angled" sutures among American Indians and higher frequencies of "curved" sutures among Caucasians. In this paper we present a new method of digital morphometrics to quantify and compare ZMS shape in 60 American Indian and 60 European crania. Suture outlines were recorded as three-dimensional (3D) contours on digital models of adult male and female crania created with a portable 3D laser scanner. Each contour was represented by about four hundred point coordinates, which were transformed via Fourier analysis into amplitude coefficients suitable for use in linear discriminant analysis. Discriminant functions were created that accurately predicted group membership for 83% of the crania in the sample, after leave-one-out cross-validation. The results were compared with traditional typological classifications based on visual evaluation of ZMS shape, and the contour-based method was found to be more effective than the typological approach. However, the distribution of ZMS types within the two sample groups did not conform to previously reported patterns. This discrepancy indicates that ZMS shape may reflect not only genetic factors, but also environmental factors such as diet and stress. In addition, some evidence for sexual dimorphism in the zygomaticomaxillary complex was observed. Based on these findings, we recommend caution when using ZMS shape analysis in forensic ancestry determination.     

中国韩国学研究的现状、特征与趋势——基于1998～2010年CSSCI数据

当前,韩国学研究已成为国内重要国别研究领域。本文运用文献计量学的方法,对1998～2010年间CSSCI数据库收录的韩国学论文数量与被引频次数量、合作论文比重与性质、作者机构分布、发文前10个单位分布、第一作者所属地区分布、发文期刊数量及载文量前10个期刊分布等进行统计,从各学科论文、作者及期刊三个方面解析国内韩国学研究现状与特征,把握其发展趋势,为国内韩国学研究的发展提供借鉴,推动国内韩国学研究更好地服务于我国经济社会发展。