全文获取类型
收费全文 | 475篇 |
免费 | 8篇 |
专业分类
各国政治 | 34篇 |
世界政治 | 51篇 |
外交国际关系 | 3篇 |
法律 | 223篇 |
中国政治 | 33篇 |
政治理论 | 138篇 |
综合类 | 1篇 |
出版年
2018年 | 3篇 |
2015年 | 4篇 |
2014年 | 8篇 |
2013年 | 18篇 |
2012年 | 8篇 |
2011年 | 20篇 |
2010年 | 11篇 |
2009年 | 22篇 |
2008年 | 26篇 |
2007年 | 33篇 |
2006年 | 27篇 |
2005年 | 26篇 |
2004年 | 11篇 |
2003年 | 13篇 |
2002年 | 8篇 |
2001年 | 5篇 |
2000年 | 4篇 |
1999年 | 13篇 |
1998年 | 12篇 |
1997年 | 5篇 |
1996年 | 8篇 |
1995年 | 8篇 |
1994年 | 11篇 |
1993年 | 6篇 |
1992年 | 7篇 |
1991年 | 6篇 |
1990年 | 8篇 |
1989年 | 9篇 |
1988年 | 8篇 |
1987年 | 7篇 |
1986年 | 8篇 |
1984年 | 5篇 |
1983年 | 6篇 |
1982年 | 6篇 |
1981年 | 6篇 |
1980年 | 9篇 |
1979年 | 13篇 |
1978年 | 6篇 |
1977年 | 7篇 |
1976年 | 5篇 |
1975年 | 5篇 |
1974年 | 7篇 |
1972年 | 3篇 |
1969年 | 3篇 |
1967年 | 4篇 |
1966年 | 4篇 |
1964年 | 2篇 |
1961年 | 3篇 |
1960年 | 2篇 |
1958年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有483条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
411.
412.
413.
414.
RICHARD S. FRASE 《犯罪学与公共政策》2007,6(3):403-431
Recent Supreme Court decisions have extended jury trial rights and beyond‐reasonable‐doubt proof standards to certain sentence‐enhancement facts. The first two cases, Apprendi v. New Jersey and Ring v. Arizona, were narrow in scope and relatively uncontroversial. But Blakely v. Washington marked a substantial expansion of the rationale and scope of Apprendi, and threatened to invalidate entire sentencing reform systems, both legally‐binding guidelines of the type at issue in Blakely and it's sequel, Booker v. United States, and statutory determinate sentence systems like the one invalidated in Cunningham v. California. Each of these decisions has potential effects not only on sentencing severity and disparity in the cases controlled by that decision, but also on prosecutorial, legislative, and sentencing commission measures designed to comply with the decision, avoid it, and/or mitigate its impact. Field resistance and avoidance measures are likely to be stronger in jurisdictions where the existing sentencing system enjoyed broad support; in such jurisdictions, resistance may be particularly strong to the more controversial Blakely ruling. Impact assessments must therefore carefully distinguish the separate impacts of Apprendi and Blakely in each jurisdiction being studied, and the extent of support for the existing sentencing system. Such assessments should also examine pre‐existing trends and other independent sources of change; leadership by sentencing commissions or other officials in crafting responsive measures; structural and other features of the sentencing system which render compliance more or less difficult; and second‐stage effects, on sentencing, prosecutorial, or sentencing policy decisions, that reflect the prior compliance, avoidance, and mitigation measures adopted in that jurisdiction. The greatest long‐term effects may be on prosecutorial, legislative, and commission decisions, rather than on sentencing outcomes. 相似文献
415.
RICHARD MULLINS 《今日中国(英文版)》2007,56(3):34-35
Internet Addiction Disorder is spreading through Chinese cables at higher-than-ever speeds.NEVER mind smoking, gambling, or crack co-caine, Chinese youths are developing a com-pulsion for a differentfeature of modern life–the Internet. 相似文献
416.
JOHN M. CAREY RICHARD G. NIEMI LYNDA W. POWELL GARY F. MONCRIEF 《Legislative Studies Quarterly》2006,31(1):105-134
Term limits on legislators were adopted in 21 states during the early 1990s. Beginning in 1996, the limits legally barred incumbents from reelection in 11 states, and they will do so in four more by 2010. In 2002, we conducted the only survey of legislators in all 50 states aimed at assessing the impact of term limits on state legislative representation. We found that term limits have virtually no effect on the types of people elected to office—whether measured by a range of demographic characteristics or by ideological predisposition—but they do have measurable impact on certain behaviors and priorities reported by legislators in the survey, and on the balance of power among various institutional actors in the arena of state politics. We characterize the biggest impact on behavior and priorities as a “Burkean shift,” whereby term‐limited legislators become less beholden to the constituents in their geographical districts and more attentive to other concerns. The reform also increases the power of the executive branch (governors and the bureaucracy) over legislative outcomes and weakens the influence of majority party leaders and committee chairs, albeit for different reasons. 相似文献
417.
We use data from the National Education Longitudinal Survey to examine the relationship between academic performance and delinquency. We estimate the effects of grades in tenth grade on delinquency in twelfth grade, and then introduce controls for social bonds and self‐control (teacher‐rated effort). The findings indicate that the feedback that adolescents receive in the form of grades does not affect their delinquent behavior, that academic performance and delinquency have instead a spurious relationship. Our evidence suggests that this relationship is attributable primarily to the effects of individual differences in self‐control, not to those of social bonds. 相似文献
418.
419.
420.
DAVID P. FARRINGTON DARRICK JOLLIFFE J. DAVID HAWKINS RICHARD F. CATALANO KARL G. HILL RICK KOSTERMAN 《犯罪学》2003,41(3):933-958
Most knowledge about delinquency careers is derived from official records. The main aim of this paper is to compare conclusions about delinquency careers derived from court referrals with conclusions derived from self‐reports. Data are analyzed from the Seattle Social Development Project, which is a prospective longitudinal survey of 808 youths. Annual court and self‐report data were available from age 11 to age 17 for eight offenses. The prevalence of offending increased with age, in both court referrals and self‐reports. There was a sharp increase in the prevalence of court referrals between ages 12 and 13, probably because of the reluctance of the juvenile justice system to deal with very young offenders. The individual offending frequency increased with age in self‐reports, but it stayed constant in court referrals, probably because of limitations on the annual number of referrals per offender. There was significant continuity in offending in both court referrals and self‐reports, but continuity was greater in court referrals. The concentration of offending (and the importance of chronic offenders) was greater in self‐reports. An early age of onset predicted a large number of offenses in both self‐reports and court referrals. However, an early onset predicted a high rate of offending in court referrals but not in self‐reports, possibly because very young offenders who were referred to court were an extreme group. About 37% of offenders and 3% of offenses led to a court referral. The more frequent offenders were less likely to be referred to court after each offense, but most of them were referred to court sooner or later. There was a sharp increase between ages 12 and 13 in the probability of an offender and an offense leading to a court referral. It is concluded that criminal career research based on self‐reports sometimes yields different conclusions compared with research based on official records. 相似文献