Time,Term Limits,and Turnover: Trends in Membership Stability in U.S. State Legislatures

Increases in legislative professionalization along with the implementation of term limits in about one‐third of the American states raise significant questions about the path of state house and senate turnover. We first update turnover figures for all states, by chamber, from the mid‐1980s through 2002. We then compare turnover rates in states with and without term limits. We find that turnover rates, overall, continued to decline through the 1980s but that the long downward trend abated in the 1990s as a result of term limits. The effects of term limits vary depending on the length of the term limit and the opportunity structure in the state. There is also a strong relationship between the presence of term limits and interchamber movement. In addition to term limits, professionalization levels, redistricting, the presence of multi‐member districts, and partisan swings explain differences in turnover rates between states.     

Choosing Your China Structure:Foreign-Invested Commercial Enterprises

When choosing an appropriate invest-When choosing an appropriate investment vehicle in China,many factors must be considered,as these will lead to different legal and tax considerations.Once you’ve clearly defined the needs and goals for your     

Liquidating a China Business

With the global economic crisis hitting some businesses in China very hard as export sales dry up, now is a timely occasion to remind executives of affected businesses of their responsibilities when having to liquidate a business. China-based subsidiaries may     

Tax Regulations for Non-Resident Enterprises

The State Administration of Taxation has issued the tax regulations for non-resident enterprises that do business and have establishments or