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411.
Pablo Abdon da Costa Francez Elzemar Martins Ribeiro-RodriguesSidney Emanuel Batista dos Santos 《Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series》2012,6(1):132-135
Allelic frequencies of 48 informative insert-delete (INDEL) loci were obtained from a sample set of 130 unrelated individuals living in Macapá, a city located in the northern Amazon region, in Brazil. The values of heterozygosity (H), polymorphic information content (PIC), power of discrimination (PD), power of exclusion (PE), matching probability (MP) and typical paternity index (TPI) were calculated and showed the forensic efficiency of these genetic markers. Based on the allele frequency obtained for the population of Macapá, we estimated an interethnic admixture for the three parental groups (European, Native American and African) of, respectively, 50%, 21% and 29%. Comparing these allele frequencies with those of other Brazilian populations and the parental populations, statistically significant distances were found. The interpopulation genetic distance (FST coefficients) to the present database ranged from FST = 0.0431 (p < 0.00001) between Macapá and Belém to FST = 0.266 (p < 0.00001) between Macapá and the Native American group. 相似文献
412.
Ralph G. Lewis 《American Journal of Criminal Justice》1979,4(2):112-127
This paper utilizes the technology of Futures Research to discuss issues that may confront the criminal justice system in
the year 2000. Conceptually, the criminal justice agencies are viewed as a social system which is open to external influence
both in terms of organizational design and operation. The specific model of criminal justice agencies is based on the work
of Lyman Porter and recognizes three primary factors: 1) contextual factors; 2) structural factors; and 3) behavioral consequences.
The specific administrative issues discussed are derived from a series of long term social trends identified by futurist Herman
Kahn of the Hudson Institute. 相似文献
413.
Ralph Chapman 《Australian Journal of Public Administration》1978,37(4):386-397
Abstract: State governments in Australia have been regarded essentially as service deliverers, with the result that the specialist heads of public organizations, although technically competent, have rarely questioned the need for their activities. Nor does the argument that such questioning is the responsibility of the politician take account of the inertia of the existing system; an analysis of the activities which the Tasmanian government has undertaken over the past six years—including those of statutory authorities—shows a fair degree of stability. Thus we should consider building into the State's existing organizational arrangements some means of evaluating existing programs and new proposals. Such policy analysis should widen the narrow focus of the advice currently offered by public servants. Although there have been some moves in this direction in Tasmania (particularly in the Premier's Department), it has not been reflected in the structures of the public service generally. A survey of 22 government departments showed that only eight had officers concerned with evaluatory planning, and only three departments were engaged in innovative and initiatory planning. Other directions in which Tasmania's public organizations could move with benefit include an increase in lateral recruitment; breaking down the rigidity of the promotion appeals and classification systems; introducing flexible management and budgeting procedures throughout the service as a whole; and continually reviewing the structure and functions of public organizations. The questions that have been raised by recent inquiries into State and Federal government administration, namely coordination, efficiency, economy, effectiveness, decentralization and participation, have not stressed sufficiently the key issue for the public services of the 1980s, which is the nature of the relationship between the politician, the public service and the community. 相似文献
414.
415.
416.
Ralph C. Serin 《Law and human behavior》1996,20(2):207-217
The predictive validity of the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R) was compared with 3 actuarial risk scales in a sample of 81 offenders followed for a maximum of 67 months (average of 30 months). The recommittal or general recidivism rate for the entire sample was 57% (40% for nonpsychopaths, 51.2% for a mixed group, and 85% for psychopaths). The violent reoffense rate was 10% for the sample (nonpsychopaths 0%, mixed 7.3%, psychopaths 25%). All instruments were significantly correlated with general recidivism; however, the PCL-R was the best predictor of violent recidivism. Compared to the actuarial scales, the PCL-R had a higher predictive efficiency (Relative Improvement Over Chance (RIOC)) and yielded fewer decision errors. Most importantly, Factor 1 was a better predictor of violent recidivism than Factor 2, suggesting that the trait construct of psychopathy makes a unique contribution to the prediction of violent recidivism. 相似文献
417.
Ralph G. Steinhardt 《Criminal Law Forum》1991,2(3):607-619
B.A., Bowdoin College 1976; J.D., Harvard University 1980. I acknowledge with gratitude the assistance of Joni Charme, Adam Greenstone, and Bill Graves. 相似文献
418.
419.
The purpose of the present investigation was to compare the cognitive functioning of maltreated children with two groups of nonmaltreated children: those matched for age and SES and those matched only on age. All of the children ranged in age from 6 to 16 years. The rationale for employing two comparison groups was to examine the role of maltreatment and SES separately to determine which factor, if any, is associated with children's cognitive functioning. Additionally, the present investigation sought to expand on previous work by employing both global measures of cognitive functioning (WISC-R) as well as measures designed to tap specific abilities (e.g., selective attention, short-term memory). Results indicate that maltreated children demonstrated deficits in cognitive functioning but that these are no more pervasive than those found in children from the same low socioeconomic backgrounds. These findings suggest that it may be deprived family circumstances common in maltreating families, not maltreatment per se, that is responsible for the cognitive deficits often noted in maltreated children. 相似文献
420.
Ralph Weisheit Beverly A. Smith Kathrine Johnson 《American Journal of Criminal Justice》1991,15(2):13-56
It is common to compare contemporary legal prohibitions against drugs with the prohibition against alcohol in the 1930s. Making
this analogy presumes similarities between the two prohibitions which have policy implicatioas for the current legal response
to drugs. This study focuses on one drug, marijuana. Moonshiners of the 1930s are compared with contemporary domestic marijuana
cultivators, the effects of alcohol prohibition are compared with the effects of prohibiting marijuana, and issues relevant
to current marijuana policies are examined. 相似文献