毛泽东的"赶考"精神--对党的执政能力建设的初始思考

从七届二中全会到党的八大,毛泽东以“赶考”精神对党的执政能力问题进行了认真的思考,他提出的“两个务必”的思想、民主和科学执政的要求、以经济建设为中心的理念以及防腐倡廉的方针等,成为这个时期党的执政能力建设的重要内容。这些初始思考促使我们党取得了执政党建设的初步成就,同时也为现阶段党的执政能力建设指明了方向。     

试析法律在联合国集体安全体制中的作用

法律是构建联合国集体安全体制中的重要工具,《联合国宪章》中有关集体安全的规定一定程度上保障了集体安全体制的成功。根据《联合国宪章》的有关规定,集体安全法即在禁止使用武力原则(第2条第4款)的基础上,对和平的威胁、违反或侵略行为采取行动的强制规范(第7章措施)。在充分吸取国联集体安全失败教训的基础上,《联合国宪章》不仅使联合国集体安全体制的政治基础法律化,同时又给予集体安全体制以更多的法律特征。体现各国政治意愿的国家利益与法并非完全矛盾,《联合国宪章》对于武力使用的严格限制正是法维护国际社会每一个成员国家利益的重要反映,集体安全体制中既有法律规则、也体现了政治现实。尽管现存集体安全体制还存在法规不完善等问题,但实践的发展明确要求法律作用的强化,以推动联合国改革朝着更加规则化的方向发展。     

对我国高新技术产业发展的几点思考

当今世界,科学技术突飞猛进,国力竞争日趋激烈。面对新技术革命迅猛发展的浪潮,世界各国都在积极调整战略,把发展高新技术当作国际经济竞争和综合国力较量的制高点。针对目前我国高新技术产业的发展现状,必须采取灵活的产业政策、实行系统的科技创新、不断优化产业结构等措施,才能缩小与发达国家的差距。     

关于吉林省城市医疗救助状况的调查与思考

吉林省城市医疗救助工作试点先行,大胆探索医疗救助的新模式;制度创新,医疗救助工作迈入规范化发展轨道;制度衔接,逐步建立和完善医疗保障体系。推进吉林省城市医疗救助工作应加大政府筹资力度,拓展社会筹资渠道;要注意与相关政策的衔接和适应;调整和完善医疗救助方案;规范管理,健康推进。     

Systematical method for polyacrylamide and residual acrylamide detection in cosmetic surgery products and example application

IntroductionIn this paper, the authors presented a case of acrylamide poisoning in a middle-aged woman who had underwent unsuccessful cosmetic surgery six years earlier. The victim was told that the product that had been injected into her face was Restylane®, which mainly contained sodium hyaluronate and was the first and only Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved dermal filler for lip enhancement in the USA for more than 20 years. Widespread facial infections occurred several years post-injection; finally, the victim had to undergo removal surgery. Acrylamide poisoning was strongly suspected based on the victim's clinical manifestation. The product that had been injected into the victim's face was probably polyacrylamide hydrogel-based product, which had been prohibited by the State Food and Drug Administration (SFDA) in China in 2006. To confirm this suspicion, a systematical method was established to differentiate varieties of cosmetic surgery products and identify residential acrylamide.MethodsThe removed objects, original products and a certified reference sample of Restylane® were collected for examination. A direct microscopic examination was applied as a rapid screening method. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy analysis was subsequently performed to distinguish the main components from each sample. Automated solid phase extraction, ultra high performance liquid chromatography (SPE UHPLC) analysis was ultimately utilised and optimised to detect the residual acrylamide. Chromatographic separation was achieved on an ACQUITY UHPLC HSS T3 column. The mobile phase consisted of 0.01% aqueous formic acid solution and acetonitrile. The tunable UV (TUV) detection wavelength was at 202 nm.ResultsThe microscopic examination indicated that different samples had different morphological characteristics, depending on their main components. The FTIR spectrum showed that different polymers could be distinguished according to the CO stretching vibration (1655 cm^? 1), NH bending vibration (1540 cm^? 1) and CO stretching vibration (1078 and 1045 cm^? 1). The UHPLC results demonstrated that the calibration curve was linear in the range of 0.5–20.0 μg/mL, with a correlation coefficient of 0.999. The average recoveries of the method were 99–107% with an RSD of 1.6–6.3%. The detection limit was 0.1 μg/mL (S/N = 3). The analytical time was 6 min per sample. Acrylamide was detected in the allegedly Restylane® injection.ConclusionsThis systematical method provides a rapid, accurate and sensitive determination of polyacrylamide and residual acrylamide. The microscopic and FTIR spectroscopic examinations help to verify the existence of polyacrylamide quickly and easily. The optimised SPE UHPLC-TUV method offers a simpler and more sensitive approach to confirm the amount of acrylamide, comparing to the methods in the literature.     

利用残缺赤足足迹推算身高

目的由于主客观条件的影响,犯罪现场中常见的足迹多为不完整的残缺足迹,如何能够有效地利用残缺足迹,对案件破获往往具有至关重要的作用。方法从残缺赤足足迹的反映形态出发,选择足迹中明显、稳定的特征点,确定特征量,通过数理统计分析,建立残缺赤足足迹推算身高的经验公式。结果在4个特征量中,跖前缘突点到跟后缘突点的距离与身高的相关性最好,跖内、外缘突点到跟后缘突点的距离与身高具有一定的相关性。结论根据现场残缺赤足足迹的反映情况,也可以近似推断嫌疑人的身高特点,为侦查提供方向。     

高校师德建设的实践与思考

加强师德建设是提高高校办学水平、增强高校核心竞争力的有效手段.加强高校师德建设要注重发挥党风、教风、学风、作风的促进作用.加强师德建设要突出教师自我修养的主导作用、发挥高校良好育人氛围的引领作用、重视高校师德规范的引导作用、发挥高校师德考评监督的主体作用、强化高校师德先进表彰的熏陶作用.     

A novel method for the analysis of discharged smokeless powder residues

A novel method for the estimation of intermediate-long firing distance range is proposed. The method is based on the characterization and chemical analysis of the smokeless powder particles on the target. An adhesive lifter is applied to collect the suspected gunshot residues (GSRs) from the surface of an object, and a Modified Griess Test (MGT) is carried out after alkaline hydrolysis on the adhesive lifter. Visualized particles are removed from the adhesive lifter under a microscope. Two systems are used for the analysis of organic discharge residues from the smokeless powder: (1) gas chromatography/thermal energy analysis (GC/TEA) for the analysis of nitroglycerine (NG) and 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT), (2) gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) for the identification of organic components such as DNT, NG, and some stabilizers. By using this procedure and confirming that the suspected particles are indeed GSR, one can estimate the intermediate-long firing distance of c. 0.75-3 m in the presence of very few particles and provide information for the classification of ammunition type in casework.     

论社会管理创新中的刑事法治问题

社会管理创新是当今法学界讨论颇多的一个话题。对于社会管理创新与刑法的关系,要建立在法治的认识前提下,社会管理创新与刑法的基本原则并不冲突,刑法的天然属性使得其与社会管理存在紧密的互动关系,同时,刑法的保障法地位,又决定了社会管理创新需要刑法做坚强的后盾,保障秩序稳定。为了适应社会管理创新的要求,基于两者的契合,刑事法治发展需要从五个方面作出努力:关注社会情势,贯彻宽严相济刑事政策;保障公民权利,重视民生犯罪;"刚柔并济",坚持以人为本;革新纠纷解决机制,灵活、多样化解矛盾;落实行刑社会化,契合多元治理理念。     

暴力索要婚外同居期间给付财物的行为认定

因暴力索要婚外同居期间的给付物而引起的犯罪时有发生,如暴力索要包养费、分手费、青春费等。我国司法实践中常以该类行为缺乏主观上的非法占有目的或者不具有实质性的财产性损害为依据否定侵犯财产罪的成立。然而这一做法仍有可商榷之处,事实上,有些暴力索要给付物的行为主观上已经具有了非法占有目的,客观上也已符合了侵犯财产罪的构成要件。当同一案件中糅合了刑事和民事两种法律关系时,对这种同位并列的法律关系应当采取分别评价的分析路径。