全文获取类型
收费全文 | 296篇 |
免费 | 5篇 |
专业分类
各国政治 | 9篇 |
工人农民 | 12篇 |
世界政治 | 14篇 |
外交国际关系 | 17篇 |
法律 | 121篇 |
政治理论 | 127篇 |
综合类 | 1篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 2篇 |
2020年 | 4篇 |
2019年 | 9篇 |
2018年 | 5篇 |
2017年 | 7篇 |
2016年 | 4篇 |
2015年 | 10篇 |
2014年 | 7篇 |
2013年 | 35篇 |
2012年 | 8篇 |
2011年 | 7篇 |
2010年 | 9篇 |
2009年 | 12篇 |
2008年 | 11篇 |
2007年 | 8篇 |
2006年 | 2篇 |
2005年 | 5篇 |
2004年 | 8篇 |
2003年 | 8篇 |
2002年 | 4篇 |
2001年 | 8篇 |
2000年 | 13篇 |
1999年 | 8篇 |
1998年 | 5篇 |
1996年 | 6篇 |
1995年 | 6篇 |
1994年 | 2篇 |
1993年 | 8篇 |
1992年 | 5篇 |
1991年 | 9篇 |
1990年 | 4篇 |
1989年 | 13篇 |
1988年 | 3篇 |
1987年 | 8篇 |
1986年 | 9篇 |
1985年 | 5篇 |
1984年 | 3篇 |
1983年 | 4篇 |
1982年 | 3篇 |
1981年 | 5篇 |
1980年 | 2篇 |
1979年 | 3篇 |
1978年 | 2篇 |
1977年 | 1篇 |
1976年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有301条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
171.
A note on seniority and political competition 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
Randall G. Holcombe 《Public Choice》1989,61(3):285-288
Seniority conveys political power to legislators despite the fact that all legislators have equally valuable voting power. What prevents a coalition of junior members from exercising their political power to form a coalition and claim an equal share of the power by eliminating the benefits of seniority? Several models explain how valuable services are supplied by senior members, so the returns to seniority may be looked at as compensation for their services. This still does not explain why the providers of those services should be chosen based on seniority rather than on some other criterion.Seniority is used because it provides benefits to every member of the legislature. Legislators want to be reelected, and regardless of the seniority level of an individual in the legislature, the incumbent will always have more seniority when running for reelection than the challenger. Since voters benefit from being represented by more senior representatives, the seniority system enhances the reelection chances of even the most junior representative. 相似文献
172.
173.
174.
175.
Early in the 19th century local governmentsspent less than either the federal or stategovernments. By the end of the 19thcentury local governments spent more thanthe federal and state governments combined. This growth is obviously related to thegrowth of cities, but cities continued togrow in the 20th century, while the localgovernment share of total governmentexpenditures fell, so the growth of citiescannot be the complete answer. Anexamination of expenditures and revenues intwo cities – Boston and Baltimore –suggests that no one component ofexpenditures was responsible for increasesin total spending. Rather, it appears thatthe primary causal factor was revenuegrowth. Cities rely heavily on propertytaxes, and the increasing value of taxableproperty allowed cities to raise increasingamounts of revenue, leading to increasedgovernment spending. 相似文献
176.
177.
Pecorino Paul Abrams Burton A. Holcombe Randall G. Bordo Michael D. 《Public Choice》1996,89(1-2):211-217
178.
The stability of outcomes under democratic decision-making is a significant issue in public choice. Several factors might make U.N. voting blocs less stable than blocs in national legislatures. Nevertheless, the data suggest that from 1946 to 1973 United Nations voting blocs were relatively stable. Nations that leave their blocs tend to vote with nearby blocs rather than making large ideological shifts, and tend to return to their old blocs. There does not appear to be cycles in United Nations voting blocs. Furthermore, the blocs can be ranked on a stable single-dimensioned continuum, lending further evidence that United Nations voting blocs are stable. 相似文献
179.
Without the imposition of some institutional structure, a legislature is a non-exclusive resource, and legislators will have a tendency to overuse the resource and reduce its productivity. The committee system is a method for granting property rights over the legislature's agenda by subdividing the agenda and assigning each committee rights over a portion of the agenda. Just as common grazing ground could be more productive if it were subdivided and assigned to individual owners, the legislature is more productive if access to the agenda is subdivided and assigned to committees.Ownership rights to committee assignments are allocated based on seniority because this makes the rights more secure and therefore more valuable to their owners. In the United States Congress, the seniority rule replaced a system in which assignments were made at the discretion of party leaders. In the former system, legislators needed to expend effort to retain their assignments, which diminished their ability to use their assignments productively. Because individuals can use resources more productively if they do not have to be concerned about protecting their ownership interest, the seniority system enables the legislature to be more productive in producing legislation. 相似文献
180.