Rate increase disclosure and review: definitions of "individual market" and "small group market." Final rule

This final rule amends a May 23, 2011, final rule entitled "Rate Increase Disclosure and Review". The final rule provided that, for purposes of rate review only, definitions of "individual market" and "small group market" under State rate filing laws would govern even if those definitions departed from the definitions that otherwise apply under title XXVII of the Public Health Service Act (PHS Act). The preamble to the final rule requested comments on whether this policy should apply in cases in which State rate filing law definitions of "individual market" and "small group market" exclude association insurance policies that would be included in these definitions for other purposes under the PHS Act. In response to comments, this final rule amends the definitions of "individual market" and "small group market" that apply for rate review purposes to include coverage sold to individuals and small groups through associations even if the State does not include such coverage in its definitions of individual and small group market. This final rule also updates standards for health insurance issuers regarding disclosure and review of unreasonable premium increases under section 2794 of the Public Health Service Act.     

美国亚太战略中的经济因素

金融危机以来,美国政府奉行的内外政策,既要利用和拓展新兴市场以重振本国经济,又要使新兴市场的发展不至于挑战美国的战略地位。在亚太战略中,尤以如何应对经济崛起的中国以利于美国的经济振兴,成为奥巴马政府最重要的经济考量。本文着重探究美国对亚洲的经济政策考虑和战略意图之间的相互影响。     

韩国的医师说明义务与患者知情同意权

医师的说明义务与患者的知情同意权是医疗关系的核心内容,并成为医疗责任认定的主要依据。韩国对于这一对权利义务关系的认识经历了从传统医疗模式向人道模式的转变,使得患者从医疗关系的客体转变为主体。这一转变不仅改变了患者的地位,更体现出法律的进步。然而,单纯强调患者的知情同意权将会导致医师实施保守治疗,因此,平衡医师的说明义务与患者知情同意权之间的关系显得尤为重要。     

过错侵权责任的发生基础

权利仅能作为过错侵权责任的保护对象,而不能作为责任的发生基础。过错侵权责任的出发点在于所有权人自负其责,故其发生基础通过评价性的归责而体现出来。归责最初是一个统一的概念,但在德国法中,它却通过违法性和有责性之区分而被进行了概念建构。这种建构产生了诸多困难之处,因此更好的方式是将归责重新作为一个统一概念,并将义务违反作为过错责任发生基础和归责的核心,《侵权责任法》第6条第1款的解释也应体现此种发生基础。