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101.
Allan Cochrane 《Local Government Studies》2016,42(6):907-915
In 2004, Local Government Studies published an article in which I reflected on the implications of new Labour’s modernisation agenda for the remaking of local government and the reshaping of the welfare state. Here I return to some of the issues raised in that paper in the different context of localism, austerity and dreams of urban entrepreneurialism. I argue that exploring the changing meanings of the local, as a contested political as well as geographical category, is a fundamental task for those of us seeking to understand the nature of contemporary local government; the wider processes of state restructuring which frame it; and the possibilities of local politics. 相似文献
102.
Melissa Verhoef Regina J. J. M. van den Eijnden Ina M. Koning Wilma A. M. Vollebergh 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2014,43(8):1333-1345
Research has shown that early maturation is related to problematic alcohol use, yet the differential effect of early pubertal timing (i.e., younger age at menarche) on the onset of alcohol use and subsequent level of alcohol use has rarely been examined. This distinction is relevant, as younger age at menarche can have differential effects on these outcomes, which in turn can have long-lasting effects. Therefore, the present study examined the relationship between age at menarche and adolescent alcohol use among girls, hereby distinguishing between onset and level of alcohol use. In addition, the moderating effects of alcohol-specific rules, child disclosure and class gender composition were examined. Participants were 430 girls from a Dutch four-wave survey, with a mean age of 12.17 years (SD = 0.50) at the beginning of the study. Results showed that the probability of onset of alcohol use was increased by younger age at menarche, but only when girls were younger than 15. Moderation analyses showed that younger age at menarche increased the risk of alcohol onset only in low risk girls (with high levels of alcohol-specific rules and in classes with a high percentage of girls). Once adolescent girls started drinking alcohol, younger age at menarche was associated positively with alcohol consumption only for girls in classes with a moderate to high percentage of girls. These findings confirm that younger age at menarche is a risk factor for the onset of alcohol use, but strongly suggest that this effect is strongest for girls having restrictive alcohol-specific rules and in classes with a high percentage of girls. Possibly, in the absence of social factors that “push” to alcohol use, biological factors (like age at menarche) become more important. Another possibility is that adolescent girls start drinking alcohol to oppose their parents if they set too strict alcohol-specific rules. 相似文献
103.
Langhout Regina Day Rhodes Jean E. Osborne Lori N. 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2004,33(4):293-306
The goal of this study was to empirically distinguish a range of mentor relationships and to evaluate their differential influence on adolescent outcomes. The study makes use of data that were collected as part of a national evaluation of Big Brothers/Big Sisters of America. The evaluation included 1138 youth, ranging in age from 10 through 16 (M=12.25), who were assigned randomly to either a mentoring relationship or a control group and followed for 18 months. A series of analyses, based on the matched youth's accounts of the relationships, suggested 4 distinct types of relationships (i.e., moderate, unconditionally supportive, active, and low-key). The 4 groups tended to distinguish themselves from one another on the basis of perceived support, structure, and activity. Relative to the controls, youth who characterized their mentor relationships as providing moderate levels of both activity and structure and conditional support derived the largest number of benefits from the relationships. These included improvements in social, psychological, and academic outcomes. Implications of the findings for research and intervention are discussed. 相似文献
104.
105.
Expert Evidence Pertaining to Battered Women: The Impact of Gender of Expert and Timing of Testimony
The present study investigated the impact of two variables relating to general expert testimony pertaining to battered women on juror decision processes. Specifically, the gender of the expert, as well as the timing of the presentation of the testimony, were investigated in a simulated homicide trial involving a battered woman who had killed her abuser. Results indicated that when the expert was female and the testimony was presented prior to the defendant's testimony, jurors' verdicts were more lenient. Moreover, across a range of case judgments, male jurors' perceptions were more favorable to the defendant when the expert was female as opposed to male. On two of the judgments this latter pattern of results was only evidenced when the testimony was presented early as opposed to late. The significance of these findings is discussed. 相似文献
106.
107.
Taís de Campos Moreira Maristela Ferigolo Simone Fernandes Xênia Barros Cláudia G. Mazoni Ana Regina Noto José Carlos Fernandes Galduróz Helena M. T. Barros 《Journal of family violence》2011,26(6):465-471
The objective of this study was to investigate psychological or physical violence associated with the use of alcohol, in residences
of individuals in Brazil and, also describe the social characteristics of aggressors and victims. Therefore, this study expects
to contribute to studies in Brazil that seek to clarify the relations between alcohol and violence in residences. A total
of 454 respondents, 12–65 years old, were assessed, they were sorted by the Kish method, and the residences randomly. The
SAMHSA questionnaire was utilized after translated and adapted to Brazilian conditions. 26% of the individuals reported psychological
violence, and 16% reported physical violence. The study’s main results set the differences in the reports for physical violence
(OR 7, 95% CI: 4–13) and psychological violence (OR 5, 95% CI: 3–8) in residences where someone arrived or became intoxicated
with alcohol (P < 0.05). 50% of the aggressors were under the effects of alcohol, and 77% of the victims were relatives of their aggressors.
Acts of violence are not necessarily associated with alcohol consumption. Men and women reported acts of domestic violence;
psychological violence was the most prevalent form. Men are currently the primary aggressors, while women are primarily the
victims 相似文献
108.
Cultural factors are often neglected in studies of suicidal behavior among emerging adults. The present study examined acculturative
stress and perceived discrimination as statistical predictors of a suicide attempt history among an ethnically diverse sample
of 969 emerging adults, ages 18–25 (M = 18.8). Females made up 68% of the sample, and the racial/ethnic composition included Asian, Latino, Black, and White (US-born
and non-US-born) individuals. There were no statistically significant racial/ethnic differences in endorsement of a suicide
attempt history, with an overall rate of 8% in the sample. Asian participants reported higher acculturative stress than all
other racial/ethnic groups, while both Asian and Black participants reported having experienced more discrimination in the
previous year, compared to other groups. Logistic regression analyses suggested that familial acculturative stress was associated
with 2 times higher odds of endorsing a past suicide attempt, overall. More specifically, it was associated with over 2 times
higher odds among Asian participants, over 4 times higher odds among Black participants, and over 3 times higher odds among
non-US-born White participants, while social acculturative stress was associated with over 3 times higher odds of endorsing
a past suicide attempt among Latino participants. Environmental acculturative stress was associated with decreased odds of
endorsing a suicide attempt history, overall, but not when examined separately by racial/ethnic group. Perceived discrimination
was associated with over 5 times higher odds of a suicide attempt, overall, and specifically was associated with over 3 times
higher odds among Latino participants and over 10 times higher odds among White, US-born participants. These findings suggest
the importance of addressing culturally-related variables in treatment with emerging adults of racially/ethnically diverse
backgrounds to reduce risk for suicidal behavior. 相似文献