The usefulness of a crime harm index: analyzing the Sacramento Hot Spot Experiment using the California Crime Harm Index (CA-CHI)

Journal of Experimental Criminology - This study introduces the California Crime Harm Index (CA-CHI) and explores in what context a Crime Harm Index is a meaningful measure, comparing crime count...     

From a Cockroach’s Point of View: The Metamorphosis of Perception in Kafka

The article offers a reading of the famous tale by Kafka focused on the consequences triggered by the sudden transformation of Gregor Samsa into an insect. This event constitutes the starting point of a shift that involves phases and components of perception both of the self and of the world as well as the relations among the inner and the external world, the most elementary awareness and feelings and the most complex ones, which are affective, cognitive and related to interactions, expressed with particular emphasis by the dynamics of the spatial dimension of the story. Two discursive paths intersect above all: on one side, the traveling salesman wakes up with the/in the body of cockroach while his soul is the same as always. He will have to try to become cockroach, that is to assume its perceptions and then, slowly, its tastes, its impressions and any other animal sentiment. At the same time, the becoming of Gregorio’s family will be antiphrastic to the one experienced by him: from inept, passive parasites of their akin, as they are depicted at the beginning of the story, his family members will gradually turn into active bourgeoisies full of projects, rejecting Gregory up to eliminate him: they are the ones dehumanizing themselves, while Gregory refines his sensitivity in suffering, even to the sacrifice.     

Grace,gold, or glory? Exploring incentives for invention disclosure in the university context

What motivates university scientists to identify practical applications for their research results and consider having them patent-protected? A wealth of research points towards a complex blend of factors, including organizational antecedents, social norms and personal-level expectations. Few studies, however, have attempted to investigate the effect of concrete incentives from the perspective of individual scientists’ decision-making. In this paper, we operationalize the propensity to patent and commercialize research results as the intention to submit an invention disclosure filing. We use scenario-based conjoint analysis to capture university scientists’ preference structures for different incentive policies. Results indicate that direct and indirect financial incentives are dominant drivers. In addition, a grace period that would allow for patenting and publishing in parallel and the inclusion of patents in academic performance assessments are worth considering, whereas the specific setup of the technology transfer organization and public recognition of achievements in form of an award appear to have limited effect. However, preferences for incentives and hence their effectiveness vary significantly across academic disciplines and ranks as well as with scientists’ working experience, patenting experience and research orientation. On this basis, we can derive more qualified recommendations for incentive system design.     

论1953年修正税制问题的由来及其历史实质

1953年的修正税制问题是建国初期的一个重大历史事件.在毛泽东对新税制的三次批评中主要涉及了两个相互关联的问题,一是新中国的党政关系走向,一是中国的社会主义过渡问题.通过对新税制的多次批评,中国共产党基本上放弃了建国前后对社会主义过渡问题的理论设想,在党政关系模式和社会发展道路上加快了向苏联社会主义模式的历史靠拢.     

区域经济合作与河北省经济战略选择

区域经济一体化正在经济发展中扮演着日益重要的角色。河北经济发展必须借助京津冀一体化的力量,加快经济结构的调整,研究加强区域经济合作的战略举措,在提升京津冀整体实力的同时,带动河北经济的发展。     

Regulated and unregulated insider trading around earnings announcements

This paper analyses insider trading behaviour around annual and interim earnings announcements during changing legislative environments in Sweden from 1980 to 2003. Using a unique data set, we are able to explore the nature of insider trading patterns from unregulated to strongly regulated insider trading markets. We find limited evidence of opportunistic insider trading. Insiders seem to be reluctant to sell stocks before positive earnings announcements. They also tend to time their trades in conjunction with an immediate post-announcement period, i.e. “safety trading”, which becomes more evident within stronger legislation environments. Some support for contrarian trading behaviour is also found.

渐进式整合:基层干部绩效考核的统一化逻辑

基于渐进主义的分析视角,通过考察G省西北部L县H乡2013—2018年改革个人工作考核体系的动态发展过程,研究基层政府在解决冲突繁杂的事务和多元考核对象的复杂情境与压力型体制下,如何不断调适和修正基层干部考核制度,形成以"渐进式整合"为特质的干部考核制度的演化路径,探求其深层的制度理性。我们发现,为解决现行基层治理和考核制度的合法性危机和有效性困境,基层政府会在外部环境和内部因素的双重影响下,不断在考核体系中纳入和巩固原本游离于体系之外的人员要素,如聘用人员、上级派驻的驻村干部,以及本应在考核体系之内却并未发挥效用的构成要素,如结果兑现、群众参与,最终形成自下而上的基层干部考核统一化整合框架,制度变革体现了理性选择的适当性逻辑。考核机制放弃了标准化、形式化和向上对标,采取了简单化、操作化和向下对标的松散耦合结构,体现了干中学的组织学习过程。它强化了干部考核制度的合法性基础,部分地缓解了基层治理的悬浮性问题,扭转了形式主义和痕迹主义带来的组织行为异化现象,有助于激活基层干部创新性发展、激发干部前瞻性行动、激励干部创造性干事。     

A preliminary theory of dark network resilience

A crucial contemporary policy question for governments across the globe is how to cope with international crime and terrorist networks. Many such “dark” networks—that is, networks that operate covertly and illegally—display a remarkable level of resilience when faced with shocks and attacks. Based on an in‐depth study of three cases (MK, the armed wing of the African National Congress in South Africa during apartheid; FARC, the Marxist guerrilla movement in Colombia; and the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam, LTTE, in Sri Lanka), we present a set of propositions to outline how shocks impact dark network characteristics (resources and legitimacy) and networked capabilities (replacing actors, linkages, balancing integration and differentiation) and how these in turn affect a dark network's resilience over time. We discuss the implications of our findings for policymakers. © 2011 by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management.     

Sketching Women in Court: The Visual Construction of Co-accused Women in Court Drawings

This paper explores the visual construction and representation of co-accused women offenders in court drawings. It utilises three case studies of female co-defendants who appeared in the England and Wales court system between 2003 and 2013. In doing so this paper falls into three parts. The first part considers the emergence of the sub-discipline, visual criminology and examines what is known about the visual representation of female offenders. The second part presents the findings of an empirical investigation, which involved engaging in a critical, reflexive visual analysis of a selection of court drawings of three female co-offenders. The third part discusses the ways in which the court artists' interpretation, the conventions of court sketching, and motifs of female offenders as secondary actors, drew on existing myths and prejudices by representing the women as listening, remorseless ‘others’.     

Recognition of Gendered Experiences of Harm at the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia: The Promise and the Pitfalls

Forty years after the beginning of the Khmer Rouge regime, the recent Trial Chamber judgment in case 002/01 before Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia (ECCC) has provided legal recognition of the devastating violence of the forced population movements. However, despite the undoubted significance of the judgment, it represents a missed opportunity to more fully reflect issues of gender. The article argues that in order to capture the plurality of gendered experiences it is necessary to foreground a social understanding of harm. Drawing on civil party oral testimony, the article begins to surface gendered experiences of the social harms of familial separation and starvation of family members, harms that have often remained silenced in international criminal law. In doing so it seeks to contribute to emerging feminist discourse on broader gendered harms and illustrates the need for further scrutiny of the approach of the ECCC.