利用颅骨枪弹创骨折类型推断射击方向和顺序的实验

建立利用颅骨枪弹创骨折类型推断射击方向和顺序的方法。使用国产五四式7．62mm口径手枪及五六式7．62mm口径半自动步枪,以3m的距离2次射击16具尸体的头颞部及枕部,造成颅脑贯通创,制成颅骨枪弹射入、出口各32例,并根据定位标记进行观察。结果显示：颅骨枪弹创骨折形态可分为带有斜面的孔状骨折,锁孔状骨折,放射状骨折和环状隆起骨折4种类型,其出现多见于低速枪射击,并与射击方向和顺序有直接关系。根据颅骨枪弹创骨折类型可推断射击方向和顺序。     

Analysis of the possible use of liquid crystals in fingerprinting

Preliminary results concerning the use of liquid crystals (LC) in fingerprinting are given. These were based on thin layers of liquid crystals, changing colours (observed in linear polarized light) due to dissolved organic matter, transferred from fingers' surfaces. The possibility is shown of using LC to illustrate not only the surface but also the spacial configuration of a fingerprint. Relations are given between the amount of organic matter generating a fingerprint on a given surface and the coloured "response" of LC which may be used for identification as well as approximate estimation of the process of ageing.     

Sudden cardiac death following psychoemotional stress

Sudden death from cardiac arrest is described, which occurred after a minor accident. Morphologically, a coronary change was found in the sense of "juvenile coronary atherosclerosis" in connection with intramural bleeding postmortem. As there were no injuries in connection with the accident but psychoemotional stress had occurred, it is concluded that affective resonance resulting from the accident initiated the death. The pathological and pathophysiological relationships are discussed.     

Delinquency under drug influence (author's transl)]

In delinquency, connected with alcohol, the immediate and acute effect of the substance is prominent, whereas in delinquency connected with drugs, one has to deal with chronic effects. The criteria for judging drunken offenders also stand as a model for judging the responsibility of the addicted offender for his crime. We consider: 1. the personality of the offender 2. the way, the amount and the point of time of the last intake of the drug 3. the potential dependence 4. the psychopathological state at the time of offense and at the time of examination 5. the kind of the offense itself. Most cases, which have to be examined, deal with indictable offenses, which were undertaken, in order to get new supply, i.e. "supply-offenes". These cases surmise, that the offender is physically addicted, that he knows about withdrawal symptoms from own experience, and that he committed the crime purely for securing his personal supply. We differentiate between direct "supply-offenses" (i.e. direct stealing by the addict himself) and indirect "supply-offenses" (i.e. mainly trading and commission business). For the latter offenses the state of consciousness and insight at the time of offense does not serve as a suitable criterion for judging the responsibility for the crime, since these offenders usually are not deprived of their drugs and therefore in a stable state of mind. Therefore the inner situation and the motivation for carrying out the crime has to be analysed carefully. For these indirect "supply-offenses" reduced responsibility for the offense has to be considered, whereas for direct "supply-offenses" a total lack of responsibility can be assumed.     

"无就业增长"与大学生"就业难"

我国大学生的就业率并未随着宏观经济的持续增长而同步增长,近年来国外出现的"无就业增长"现象在我国经济中也得以体现,就这个问题提出相应措施是我们应当解决的问题.     

Cannabinoids in blood and urine after passive inhalation of Cannabis smoke

To test the possibility that cannabinoids are detectable following passive inhalation of Cannabis smoke the following study was performed. Five healthy volunteers who had previously never used Cannabis, passively inhaled Cannabis smoke for 30 min. Cannabis smoke was provided by other subjects smoking either marijuana or hashish cigarettes in a small closed car, containing approximately 1650 L of air. delta 9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) could be detected in the blood of all passive smokers immediately after exposure in concentrations ranging from 1.3 to 6.3 ng/mL. At the same time total blood cannabinoid levels (assayed by radioimmunoassay [RIA] ) were higher than 13 ng/mL in four of the volunteers. Both THC and cannabinoid blood concentrations fell close to the cutoff limits of the respective assays during the following 2 h. Passive inhalation also resulted in the detection of cannabinoids in the urine by RIA and enzyme multiple immunoassay technique (EMIT) assays (above 13 and 20 ng/mL, respectively). It is concluded that the demonstration of cannabinoids in blood or urine is no unequivocal proof of active Cannabis smoking.