运动式治理与制度建设:中国改革开放时期经济制度变革的组合拳模式

中国从计划经济向社会主义市场经济的转型面临着制度变革的“双重挑战”:既要建立起全新的与市场经济相适应的制度体系,又要在有效新制度体系尚未就位的情况下保障基本的治理成效。应对“双重挑战”的一种重要方式是“运动式治理加制度建设的组合拳”:一方面,以制度建设为根基,逐步建立适应市场经济的制度体系,从而完成制度体系的本质性变革;另一方面,在缺乏有效的制度体系的情况下,通过运动式治理应对不断出现的现实问题以保障基本的治理绩效。论文对1978年至2012年土地使用制度变革历史过程的实证研究验证了上述的“双重挑战”以及“组合拳模式”的运作机制与现实成效。“运动式治理加制度建设的组合拳模式”能够缓解短期治理压力从而拥有更大试错空间,进而能够通过持续探索与调整寻求切实可行的解决方案,最终成功完成制度变革。     

单位制度变迁视域中的社会关系模式嬗变

社会关系模式是一个社会中人与人交往与联系的普遍方式,身份与契约是其中最为典型的两种。新中国成立初期,单位制度的建立促成了准身份的盛行和契约的消解。改革开放之后,单位制度的改革推动了准身份的弱化与契约的复活。从目前来看,准身份去而未除,或将长期存在;同时,契约刚性结构虽已建立,软性文化支撑却有待完善。因此,应当在大力推动从身份到契约这一主导性趋势的同时,适当推行从契约到身份作为其补充和完善,以实现契约平等和公平正义的统筹兼顾、协调发展。     

对解决当前中国民族问题途径与方法的一点思考

民族问题关系到一个国家的长治久安,但随着社会的不断进步与发展以及国际国内势态与格局的日趋复杂,民族问题也呈现出复杂性、普遍性、长期性、国际性的特点,这对国家及人类社会的过去、现在和未来,都具有重大的影响,值得我们去思考。     

我国地方政府绩效模型的构建与分析

本文在归纳政府绩效影响因素的基础上,构建了地方政府绩效模型的一般形式和特殊形式。并通过模型的一般形式进行量化分析、变量分析,对模型的特殊形式进行乘积形式分析、对数形式分析得出提升政府绩效的启示,即:只有在能力转化力为正的情况下,政府绩效才有可能提高;在等绩效线上公示政府绩效,能激励政府绩效的提高;提高政府绩效的关键在于政府能力和能力转化率的共同提高。     

Juvenile Facial Growth and Mimicry: A Preliminary 3D Study

Studies focused on facial development during childhood have been conducted by means of 3D technology to provide modifications of anthropometric parameters. Facial mobility was also considered. This study proposed a 3D approach to facial growth changes. Facial surface data of 6 subjects were acquired in T1 (age 7–14 years) and after 7 years (T2), in rest position, and during voluntary movements, by a 3D laser scanner. Linear and angular measurements on rest position scans at T1 and T2 were compared. Each mimic scan was superimposed with the corresponding rest scan. Displacement of significant anthropometric points was measured for each facial gesture and at T1 and T2 statistically compared. Vertical measurements were those most influenced by aging. Some measurements of central facial area were consistent over time. The pattern of soft tissues displacement for each expression was consistent in T1 and T2. These results may be helpful for missing children identification.     

行政诉讼起诉期限的衔接与适用

【裁判要旨】行政机关在作出行政行为时未告知诉权及起诉期限,起诉期限从知道或应当知道行政行为内容时计算。根据最高人民法院《关于适用行政诉讼法的解释》(以下简称《适用解释》)实施前起诉期限尚未届满的,其起诉期限应截至两年届满之日,或不得超过《适用解释》施行日起重新计算1年的起诉日期。     

Federal-level Government Participation and State-level Electoral Performance: A Party-based Analysis of Land Elections in Germany, 1949–2017

To what extent does the federal political arena contaminate the regional one in Germany? Does a party’s position as government or opposition on the federal level have a systematic impact on its performance in Land elections? Land elections are often characterised as second order elections, but existing empirical studies that use real election data suffer from important methodological problems. Unlike previous approaches using survey data or comparing vote shares in regional and federal elections, we analyse contamination in two ways. First, we test whether a party’s role at the federal level has a systematic impact on gaining or losing office at the Land level. Second, we examine the vote difference of parties relative to their result in the previous election in the Land. Drawing on a complete dataset of all Land elections from 1949 to 2017, we find confirmation for two phenomena well known in comparative electoral studies. First, the anti-incumbency effect: government parties tend to lose votes. In the German context, as in many other multilevel systems, this is exacerbated by the second effect: contamination. Gaining power or votes on the Land level is very difficult when a party is in government on the federal level.     

Saving male time,exploiting female labour: The woman as the “driving force” in premodern society, 1700–1914

Research on the division of male and female labor during pre-industrial and industrial times has overlooked the significance of the bearing and carrying work done by women in a variety of occupations. The history of the labor force in and around the city of Liege in Belgium provides numerous examples of how women – almost like beasts of burden – carried over long distances bread, coal, and the finished products of domestic industry. In industrializing Liege, they not only took care of the above-ground conveyancing in coal mining, but also often pulled barges through canals and rivers. These activities by women, badly remunerated, eliminated the need for men in these tasks, and thus saved entrepreneurs both time and money. The nuanced investigation of work time, family time, and the division of labor among the sexes, as carried out by Tamara Hareven, has sensitized researchers to questions of this kind for understanding the nature of work in the pre-modern times as well as in the process of industrialization.     

(Self) Regulating War?: Voluntary Regulation and the Private Security Industry

Private security companies' growing participation in U.S. and international military missions has raised concern about whether the private security industry is subject to sufficient controls. Industry self-regulation is often proposed as part of a multilayered framework of regulations to govern PSCs. But what can self-regulation contribute to regulation of the private security industry? This matters because privatization in the security realm has moved beyond understandings of the proper breakdown of public and private functions concerning the use of force. This article assesses what self-regulation can contribute to the control of this industry and whether the private security industry lends itself to effective self-regulation. It concludes that the private security industry does not exhibit the capacity to adopt and implement effective self-regulation on its own. If self-regulation is to complement state and international regulation, participation in the design and oversight of self-regulation must be broadened beyond private security companies alone.     

Ontogeny of Size and Shape Sexual Dimorphism in the Ilium: A Multislice Computed Tomography Study by Geometric Morphometry

We studied sexually dimorphic differences in the ilium using geometric morphometric analysis of 10 osteometric landmarks recorded by multislice computed tomography, based on three‐dimensional reconstructions of 188 children (95 boys, 93 girls) of mixed origins living in the area of Toulouse, southern France, and ranging in age from 1 to 18 years. We used geometric morphometrics methodology first to test sexual dimorphism in size (centroid size) and shape (Procrustes residuals) and second to examine patterns of shape change with age (development) and size change with age (growth). On the basis of statistical significance testing, the ilium shape became sexually dimorphic at 11 years of age, although visible shape differences were observed as early as 1 year of age. There was no statistically significant difference in size between sexes. Trajectories of shape (development) and size (growth) differed throughout ontogeny and between sexes.