Armanni–Ebstein Lesions in Terminal Hyperglycemia

Armanni–Ebstein lesions (AEL) occur in deaths related to uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. To investigate the relationship between AEL and terminal hyperglycemia, we retrospectively reviewed 71 cases with vitreous glucose levels ≥11.1 mmol/L; 27 (38%) cases had AEL (vitreous glucose 14.0–77.3 mmol/L); and 44 cases (62%) did not (vitreous glucose 11.1–91.9 mmol/L). There was no significant difference (p = 0.271) in vitreous glucose levels between the cases with AEL (mean 39.2, SD 16.7 mmol/L) and those without (mean 34.2, SD 19.8 mmol/L). Similarly, there was no difference in the degree of dehydration, renal failure, or osmolality. However, there was a significantly higher level of β‐hydroxybutyrate among the cases with AEL compared to those without (p = 0.007), suggesting that ketoacidosis may facilitate the development of AEL. Given the possible synergistic role of β‐hydroxybutyrate, the correlation between AEL and terminal hyperglycemia in animal studies may not be applicable to humans. AEL may also possibly occur with sublethal elevations in glucose.     

论宪法学研究中的历史分析方法

历史分析方法在宪法学的方法论体系中正日益被边缘化.与理论上的这一发展方向不同,历史分析方法在宪法学的主流知识体系中却是一种正在被过度使用的方法.全面反思历史分析方法在宪法学中的运用,对于宪法学的实践与规范转向具有重要的理论意义.历史分析方法在宪法学的运用中主要有四种面相,即语源学的面相、制度史学的面相、观念史学的面相以及解释学的面相,人们对不同研究领域的历史资料的取舍不同,对宪法学保持独立的学科地位的意义也不同.历史分析方法在运用中存在许多缺陷,不仅在一定程度上阻碍了人们对其他研究方法的运用,也在客观上造成了对制度合理性的论证过分地依赖于历史合理性,从而减低了人们对于制度的内在逻辑和价值目标的关注以及忽视制度建构中的人的理性创造力.历史分析方法仍然具有其独特的价值,不仅可以帮助人们在宪法学研究中更好地引入社会分析方法,而且对于合理界定宪法学的研究重心以及为宪法解释提供资料与素材方面,具有不可替代的作用.     

农村金融主体缺位及体系重构

相对于农业在国民经济中的地位,农村金融呈现出不对称的地位,表现为农村金融主体的缺位和农村金融资源的稀缺,这限制了农村经济的进一步发展,必须改变我国现有农村金融体系,发挥金融对农村经济应有的支撑作用。     

制定《商事通则》论纲--以总体思路、体系结构为研究内容

制定《商事通则》的总体思路是 :《商事通则》只应调整那些传统民法难以或不便调整的以营利为目的的社会关系 ;应以企业作为主要规范对象 ;只应将总纲性的法律规范 ,以及不宜以商事单行法的形式规范或以商事单行形式规范成本过高的内容包含进去 ;其法律属性应为具有较多公法规范的私法。《商事通则》的体系结构应根据我国现实的理论、立法和实践确定 ,应在《商事通则》的篇首置“基本原则”章。     

阶级民主和程序民主——考茨基和列宁政制之争再思考

1918年考茨基和列宁关于民主问题的争论,对后来社会主义的发展,无论在观念上,还是历史上,都产生了极其重要的影响。考茨基认为,列宁和布尔什维克背叛民主,而列宁则认为考茨基歪曲民主的实质。在考茨基和列宁争论的背后,隐含着一个极其重要的问题,即社会主义民主是阶级民主和程序民主的有机统一。认识这一点,对于社会主义民主思想史的研究和当代中国民主政治的发展具有重要的价值。     

Sources and Transitions of Chinese Foreign Policy: An Introduction

Chinese foreign policy has multiple sources, and the incentives that are driving its behaviour have grown from the domestic/international, as well as from regional, economic, normative, multilateral, and cultural levels. Foreign policy-making in China is becoming increasingly complex and sophisticated. This special issue is drawn from some edited papers presented in the joint workshop between Fudan and Durham Universities on Chinese foreign policy on 29–30 March 2010. By assessing the economic, domestic, regional, global and cultural sources of Chinese foreign policy, we aim to illustrate the various sources and to locate possible ways to consolidate the transitional process, and to spur future endeavour facing China’s foreign policy.     

诉讼监督改革:抉择困境与实践进路

我国当前的诉讼监督具有全面性、事后性、弱效力和分散性等四个鲜明的特点,诉讼监督改革面临着选择诉讼与监督分离还是诉讼与监督合一、以同步监督为主还是以事后监督为主、全面监督还是重点监督、弱效力监督还是强效力监督的艰难抉择。在推进诉讼监督改革时,检察机关必须遵从必要性原则、有限监督原则、中立性原则等三个基本原则,必须鼓励先行先试、坚持循序渐进、注重协调配合以及加大诉讼监督工作力度和创新诉讼监督机制等。     

我国职务犯罪侦查机制的反思与重构

随着改革的不断深入,我国职务犯罪越来越严重,作案手段智能化程度越来越高,反侦查能力越来越强,而随着新《律师法》的实施和司法改革进程的加快,职务犯罪侦查受到的挚肘越来越大,传统的侦查机制越来越落后,侦查工作越来越艰难。面对日益严峻的形势,我们应针对当前侦查机制存在的弊端,创新管理体制,建立大侦查格局,优化侦查权限,完善配套制度,转变侦查模式。     

In Search of Respect: Examining Arrestee Satisfaction with Police

Recent research suggests that attitudes toward police hinge upon the procedures officers use in their interactions with the public. Using survey data collected from a sample of adults arrested and booked into a local jail in Washington County, Arkansas, this paper examines some of the factors that influence arrestees’ satisfaction with police. Results reveal that the most important factor influencing arrestees’ opinions of police was their belief in the benevolence of police actions, followed by their perceptions of the effectiveness of police, whether or not their arresting officer treated them with respect, racial group membership, and total household income. These findings lend support to the “normative” or “process-based” model of policing. The authors discuss the implications of these findings for police and jail administrators.