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51.
Toward a Victimology of State Crime 总被引:5,自引:3,他引:2
State crimes have been studied by criminologists for nearly three decades. While far from stagnant, research and theory in
this area of criminology have not developed at the pace one may have expected a decade ago. In an attempt to rejuvenate the
study of state crime, we first identify and review the various types of victims and victimizers of state crime identified
in the criminological literature. By employing a previously created typology of state crime, we discuss how individuals and
groups of individuals can be identified as state crime victims in both domestic and international contexts. We then highlight
the common themes involved in the victimizations, and offer six inductively generated propositions intended to facilitate
future developments in the victimology of state crime.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
52.
Carlson RJ 《Journal of health politics, policy and law》2008,33(1):39-51
To many, genomics is merely exploitable technology for the leviathan of biotechnology. This is both shallow and short sighted. Genomics is applied knowledge based on profound and evolving science about how living things develop, how healthy or sick we are, and what our future will be like. In health care, genomics technologies are disruptive yet potentially cost-effective because they enable primary prevention, the antidote to runaway costs and declining productivity. The challenges to integration are great, however, and many bioethical and social-policy implications are alarming. Because it is poorly understood today, we must debate genomics vigorously if we are to act wisely. Public policy must lead. 相似文献
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54.
L R Faulkner N R Grimm B H McFarland J D Bloom 《The Bulletin of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law》1990,18(1):37-46
In this article, the authors review the literature on surveys pertaining to threats and assaults on psychiatrists and report the results of a questionnaire sent to Oregon psychiatrists. Although the responding psychiatrists were experienced clinicians, they appear to have had relatively little life experience with aggression. Assaults and threats were frequent in their careers, occurred across a variety of clinical settings, and involved a wide range of patients. The authors discuss specific strategies for psychiatrists to minimize the effects of patient threats and assaults and suggest ways in which organized psychiatry can help with the danger and sequelae of patient violence. 相似文献
55.
56.
In the United States there were some 1,775 jails with one hundred beds or less, but there had been little empirical examination of these facilities, or the challenges that they confront. This survey of 213 jail administrators from these small facilities found that under-funding, overcrowding, and retention and recruitment of officers were the most significant challenges. By contrast, suicide and violence were perceived to be less serious problems. The small jails sampled also held relatively high percentages of special needs inmates, and this places further demands on these agencies. These challenges are very similar to problems identified several decades ago, suggesting that few structural or operational changes had been made in rural justice systems. In many places, rural jails acted as a default mechanism for failures in other social, health, or community systems and they become the place that “just can't say no.” 相似文献
57.
This study examined the relationship between state firearms homicides and background checks for firearms purchases. Controlling for economic and social conditions, the estimated number of firearms in circulation, offenders under community supervision, and violent crime it was found that states with less stringent background checks on firearms purchases were significantly associated with firearms homicides. The large number of firearms circulating within the United States makes it likely that a motivated—but ineligible—person could obtain a firearm over the long-term in the secondary firearms market. Effective state background checks, however, may temporarily frustrate an unauthorized person from obtaining a firearm that, in turn, may contribute to lower firearms homicide rates. Implications for further research are examined. 相似文献
58.
Despite the fact that there are approximately 1,775 American jails of 99 beds or less, little is known about how these jails
function, or the challenges that they confront. This study examined the problem of suicides and attempted suicides in small
jails, finding that the prevalence of these incidents is two to five times greater than in their larger counterparts. Net
of other factors, jails that had higher rates of admissions, as well as overcrowded facilities had a positive relationship
with suicide attempts. We also found that jails that reported higher concentrations of special needs inmates were significantly
associated with attempts. Specifically, facilities that had higher levels of long-term inmates were positively associated
with suicide attempts. While almost one-fifth of small jails did not use formal suicide assessments at admission, and only
slightly more than one-half of these facilities provided annual suicide training to jail officers, these factors were not
significantly associated with suicide attempts in 2004. Implications for future research and practice are outlined. 相似文献
59.
Rick?DierenfeldtEmail author Greg?Lindsteadt Jacob?Laan Kristen?N.?Sobba 《American Journal of Criminal Justice》2016,41(2):279-295
The privatization of prison services is a growing trend in the field of corrections; however, this growth has not been matched by evaluative research. This study examines the use of contract staff to supplement state intelligence investigators’ efforts to monitor outgoing offender telephone communications for evidence of illicit activity at 18 adult institutions in a Midwestern department of corrections. Percent-change models and Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) modeling are used to examine aggregates of intelligence reports documenting drug, expressive, instrumental, and administrative violations. Our findings indicate that the introduction of contract services was associated with substantial increases in the number of intelligence reports filed within each of these categories. Furthermore, these results suggest that the use of privatized services that supplement rather than replace public efforts appear to be an ethical, efficient, and cost-effective alternative to comprehensive privatization. 相似文献
60.