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991.
992.
993.
Robert Perry 《Policy Sciences》1972,3(3):349-359
A comparison of 20 years of aircraft production in Europe and America. U.S. cost increases in the system acquisition process have resulted in large part from unforeseen (sometimes unforseeable) engineering difficulties in the development phase, and from substantial production commitment before development was complete. Common European strategy completed basic development before beginning production and demonstrated utility through prototypes, using early proof-testing of engines, electronics and airframes. An alternative acquisition strategy to that used in the 1960s in the United States is recommended for the next decade: (1) incremental acquisition, based on a sequence of decision points and a succession of development and production phases; and (2) pronounced austerity in early development phases. These changes would result in lessened cost growth and lower U.S. acquisition costs, as well as in improved predictability of schedule and system performance outcomes.The following statement was prepared for the Committee on Armed Services, United States Senate, and was presented on December 7, 1971. 相似文献
994.
What We Have Learned About Teaching Multiparty Negotiation 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Lawrence Susskind Robert Mnookin Lukasz Rozdeiczer Boyd Fuller 《Negotiation Journal》2005,21(3):395-408
This article grows out of our experience teaching an advanced course on multiparty negotiation. The main question underlying the course is: “How can experts in two‐party negotiations make themselves effective multiparty negotiators?” In this article, we describe what and how we taught, what we think worked, and what we decided to change after the first year of teaching. 相似文献
995.
996.
We consider two important notes on optimal law enforcement with corruption. First, we analyze the role of asymmetric information
on the emergence of collusion between criminals and enforcers. Second, our paper proposes that the optimal criminal sanction
for the underlying offense is not necessarily maximal. We achieve this result by coupling the criminal sanction for the underlying
offense with a criminal sanction for corruption, both imposed on offenders. A higher criminal sanction for the underlying
offense implies that the government must spend more resources to detect and punish corruption (since the likelihood of collusion
increases). Thus, the government could reduce this sanction, save on detection, and increase the criminal sanction for corruption
(in order to offset the negative effect on deterrence).
We are grateful to Mitch Polinsky and two anonymous referees for helpful suggestions. The usual disclaimers apply. 相似文献
997.
Kristjan Kask Ray Bull Indrek Heinla Graham Davies 《Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology》2007,22(2):77-83
This study examines whether or not using a person as a standard/comparison improves the ability of a child witness to provide
more accurate detail about a previously observed person. Study participants included 135 children who observed a male stranger
and were then later asked to describe and answer various questions about that person using a third-person standard/comparison.
Despite the fact that one-half of participants were exposed to a standard/comparison, neither participants’ gender or exposure
to the standard/comparison improved recollection outcomes. However, the gender of the standard/comparisons - especially where
female - did have a significant effect on the recall ability of male participants. 相似文献
998.
Research into community corrections officers’ perceptions of the needs of ex-offenders has largely been overlooked. While
some empirical research has emerged regarding federal parole officers’ perceptions, it is conceptually incomplete. A gap in
the literature remains regarding the concordance or discordance between offenders and community corrections officers’ perceptions
of offender needs and the opportunities for success upon release. Using a sample of community corrections officers in Seattle,
Washington, this research examined officer perception of ex-offender needs, the value officers’ placed on the specific needs,
and the opportunities available for offenders to meet their needs. Differences between officers emerged including the finding
that female officers rated needs and challenges for offenders significantly different than male officers. Policy implications
of the research are discussed.
This research was made possible due to a grant award from the College of Arts and Sciences at Seattle University. This research
was first presented at the 2005 Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences Conference in Chicago. We are grateful to Mac Pevey and
Keven Bovenkamp from the Washington State Department of Corrections and Bill Corn and Tim McTighe from United States Probation
and Pretrial Services for their support, assistance, and for making the study possible. A special thanks to our research assistant
Tania Reyes who was instrumental in collecting the data for this investigation. 相似文献
999.
1000.
The equality rule is an important coordination rule in symmetric public good dilemmas. Although prior research emphasized
that people use the equality rule out of efficiency concerns (as it helps to obtain the public good in the most efficient
manner among group members), it may also reflect a true preference for fairness. More precisely, research examining emotional
and retributive reactions as a result of a violation of the equality rule by a fellow group member showed that equality indeed
is related to people’s personal values and what they consider to be fair. The present paper suggests that a violation of the
equality rule results in emotional reactions, and these emotional experiences encourage further retributive actions. The different
reactions following an equality violation are described as a function of three features: (1) the motives to use equality,
(2) attributions for explaining the violation, and (3) the honesty of the given explanation.
The write-up of this paper was partly supported by GOA/05/04 from the Research Fund of the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven.
The research and write-up was supported by a fellowship of the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO, Grant
No. 016.005.019), awarded to the second author. 相似文献